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高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧

時(shí)間:2022-08-19 02:00:24 綜合資料 我要投稿
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高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧

  高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧

  文 | 劉軍

  【一】

  用括號(hào)里的單詞的正確形式填空:如果括號(hào)里的單詞是動(dòng)詞,則看句子的主語(yǔ)是人還是物。若主語(yǔ)是人,則通常用現(xiàn)在分詞(即用動(dòng)詞的ing形式);若主語(yǔ)是物,則通常用過(guò)去分詞(?疾灰(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)。

  但如果括號(hào)里的單詞是表示人心情狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,若主語(yǔ)是人,則在這個(gè)詞后面加ed;若主語(yǔ)是物,則在這個(gè)詞后面加ing.如:

  1. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of

  time, (37)_______(think) that all animals are used to living outdoors.

  解析:句子不缺謂語(yǔ)(即動(dòng)詞),且owners(主人)與think(認(rèn)為)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞thinking表主動(dòng),答案為:thinking.

  2. If (42) ______(leave) alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter.

  解析:If從句省略了主語(yǔ)(當(dāng)主從句兩個(gè)句子主語(yǔ)相同時(shí),常省略從句主語(yǔ)),

  補(bǔ)充完整為:If dogs and cats are left alone outside 狗和貓是被主人留在室外,故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。但英語(yǔ)中為了避免重復(fù)啰嗦,省去了dogs and cats,此時(shí)直接用動(dòng)詞leave的過(guò)去分詞left表dogs and cats與leave是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,答案為:left.

  3. Whether this story is true or not, it certainly is (45)_________(interest)。

  解析:it代指this story(主語(yǔ)是物),應(yīng)用interesting(令人感興趣的),interested感興趣的,應(yīng)是某人對(duì)某物/人感興趣。此句譯為:不管這個(gè)故事是真還是假,它真地令人感興趣,答案為:interesting.

  4. After I said hi to my angry father and 21_______(tire) uncle.

  解析:tiring 令人疲憊的,tired 疲憊的,應(yīng)是生氣的父親和疲憊的叔叔,

  答案為:tired.

  【二】

  考點(diǎn)分類總結(jié):

  1. 冠詞:看后面的名詞有沒(méi)有加s,沒(méi)加s表泛指用a、an;表特指用the.橫線后有單詞most/top,用the表示形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)。the other表兩個(gè)人、物中的另一個(gè)。序數(shù)詞前面要用the.(the top floor 最頂層)

  2. 名詞:用括號(hào)里所給單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,多數(shù)直接加s.

  3. 詞性:形容詞修飾名詞,即adj + n;副詞修飾動(dòng)詞,即v + adv,副詞常常放在動(dòng)詞后面,有時(shí)也放在動(dòng)詞前面。如果是一個(gè)句子,也用括號(hào)里所給單詞的副詞形式,即副詞修飾句子。副詞修飾形容詞,即adv + adj.

  4. 時(shí)態(tài): 找連詞and/but,如果and/but前面的動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí),后面的動(dòng)詞也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

  5. 語(yǔ)態(tài):被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。若主語(yǔ)是人,則用現(xiàn)在分詞(即用動(dòng)詞的ing形式);若主語(yǔ)是物,則用過(guò)去分詞。

  6. 代詞(人稱代詞和反身代詞):如果前面出現(xiàn)的單詞后面再次出現(xiàn)/提到,用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),單數(shù)用it,復(fù)數(shù)用they;用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),單數(shù)用it,復(fù)數(shù)用them.(his/her/their)反身代詞如:herself/himself/themselves/yourselves.

  有時(shí)也考不定代詞:others 其它的…

  7. 連詞:表并列用and, 表轉(zhuǎn)折用but,表因果用because(因?yàn)椋?so(因此)。

  如遇見(jiàn) ________,直接用however.短文改錯(cuò)通常將and與but互換。

  其它考試連詞:as正如/whether是否/until直到

  8. 引導(dǎo)詞:常考定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞指人,用who/that;先行詞指物,用which/that;先行詞指時(shí)間,用when;先行詞指地點(diǎn),用where;先行詞指原因,用why;先行詞即有人又有物,用that.

  若無(wú)先行詞,找從句有無(wú)動(dòng)詞do/did/need或介詞about/with等。若有,句子缺賓語(yǔ),用what;若無(wú),用that.

  引導(dǎo)詞在從句中一般作主語(yǔ),看be動(dòng)詞前有無(wú)主語(yǔ)。若無(wú)(定語(yǔ)從句),則用who/which;若有(狀語(yǔ)從句),則用when/where/because.句子不缺任何成分時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞也用that.

  9. 介詞搭配總結(jié):

 。1) with表伴隨,譯為"隨著";用;和,同。

  如隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展:with the development of economy;這個(gè)老師面帶笑容走進(jìn)了教室: The teacher came in the classroom, with smiling.

  固定搭配:help sb with sth 幫助某人做某事

  He wrote his name with his left hand. 他用左手寫自己的名字。

 。2)in:用;在…里;在…方面

  in the room 在房間里;speak in English 用英語(yǔ)說(shuō);in this way 用這種方式;He does well in English. 在英語(yǔ)方面,他學(xué)得很好。

  (3)of …的,如:He is a friend of me. 他是我的一個(gè)朋友。

  Of + 名詞 = 形容詞,如:of use = useful 有用的

 。4)from:阻止;來(lái)自;從

  如:stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 =keep sb from doing sth;keep sb doing sth 讓某人一直做某事

  from A to B,從A到B

 。5)for:為(表目的);因?yàn)椋ū碓颍;?duì)于

  如:sell works for money 為了錢把作品賣掉;thank you for your help 謝謝你的幫助

  It is easy for me to solve the problem. 對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很容易。

  It must have rained, for the ground is wet.一定下過(guò)雨,因?yàn)榈孛媸菨竦摹?/p>

 。ù颂巉or為連詞,起解釋說(shuō)明的作用。)

  (6)like :prep.像(用于舉例) ;v.喜歡

  I know they call it a lot of fancy names,16______upright(正直的)

  and straightforward (坦率的)。

  答案:用介詞like舉例,此句譯為:我知道他們稱呼它(誠(chéng)實(shí))有許多好的名字,

  像正直、坦率之類的。

 。7)as:prep.作為(后接表人身份、職業(yè)的名詞) conj.正如;當(dāng)…時(shí);由于

  Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (36) _________ they are.

  答案:用連詞as正如,此句譯為:有時(shí)主人會(huì)忘記他們的寵物正如他們一樣,習(xí)慣待在溫暖的庇護(hù)所里。

  I worked 16_____a volunteer at Stanford Hospital.

  答案:用介詞as作為,此句譯為:我作為一名志愿者在斯坦福醫(yī)院工作。

 。8)before:在…之前;after 在…之后(可作連詞、介詞)

  (9)about:prep.關(guān)于;大約

  10. 非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)(動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞或動(dòng)詞不定式)

  形容詞、enough后接動(dòng)詞不定式to do,如:

  I’m glad to see you here. 或 Nice to meet you.

  You’re old enough to go to school.

  I learned a very important lesson from my father:24_______(respect) time and never be late to get someone.

  解析:此處考點(diǎn)是非謂語(yǔ):動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞或動(dòng)詞不定式,而and后用的be, 不是was/were,只有動(dòng)詞不定式to +動(dòng)原,故答案為:To respect.

  【注】過(guò)去分詞的作用:

 。1)表被動(dòng);

  (2)表完成;

  (3)既表被動(dòng)又表完成。

  With the problem 8_______(solve), I felt proud of my achievement.

  解析:problem 與solve是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因?yàn)閱?wèn)題是被解決,故用動(dòng)詞solve的過(guò)去分詞solved表被動(dòng), 答案為:solved.

  Compared with the 9______(escape) driver, I was proud of what I did. (改錯(cuò))

  解析:全句譯為:與已逃走的司機(jī)相比較,我對(duì)我做的事感到自豪。我是被拿來(lái)與司機(jī)比較,用過(guò)去分詞compared表被動(dòng);司機(jī)已逃離現(xiàn)場(chǎng),應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞

  escaped表動(dòng)作已完成,答案為escaped.

  ◎ including sth 包括 … = sth included  … 被包括在其中

  There will be five people for dinner, ______ (include) you and me.

  There will be five people for dinner, you and me _________ (include)。

  解析:今晚有5人吃飯,包括你和我,或你和我被包括在其中。故第一題用include的現(xiàn)在分詞including表主動(dòng),第二題用include的過(guò)去分詞included表被動(dòng)。

  ◎ need/require doing sth = need/require to be done 需要做……

  Eg: The house requires painting. 這房子需要刷漆。

  = The house requires to be painted.(同need的用法)

  ◎ have/make/get sth done  使某事被做

  We have made\had\got the TV repaired.

  我們已經(jīng)請(qǐng)人把電視機(jī)修好了。

  I had my hair cut at the barber’s around the corner.

  我已經(jīng)在角落的那個(gè)理發(fā)店把頭發(fā)理了。(過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)、完成)

  11. 主謂一致:動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式和句子作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)均用單數(shù)。

  Choosing what you read and doing it by yourself 7_______(mean)

  that it’s something you do by and for yourself.

  解析:動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),不管是1個(gè)還是2個(gè),謂語(yǔ)均用單數(shù),答案為:means.

  此句譯為:選擇你讀的東西并自己獨(dú)自去做,這就意味著你親自去做了某件事或?yàn)樽约喝プ隽四臣隆?/p>

  12. 形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí):比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志是than,考題通常為看見(jiàn)句中有形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí),用than;看見(jiàn)句中有than,用括號(hào)里所給的形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)形式。The + 比較級(jí),the + 比較級(jí)。   越…越…

  如:The more, the better. 越多越好。

  形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)前一定要加the,或加人稱代詞。

  13. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:must 非要,一定(考得較少)

  語(yǔ)法填空總結(jié):對(duì)于括號(hào)里所給的單詞,我們通常不直接用它的原形。其次,

  所填單詞不超過(guò)3個(gè)。

  【三】

  語(yǔ)法填空識(shí)記單詞:

  1. appear:v.出現(xiàn) → (appearance)n.外貌;出現(xiàn)

  2. give - gave - given 給

  3. think - thought - thought 認(rèn)為

  thought:n.思想,想法→(thoughtful)adj.深思的;體貼的

  4. leave - left - (left)留下

  5. close:adj.近的 → (closely) adv.近

  6. tradition:n.傳統(tǒng) → (traditional) adj.傳統(tǒng)的

  nutrition:n.營(yíng)養(yǎng) → (nutritional) adj.有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的

  nature:n.自然 → (natural) adj. 自然的

  person:n.個(gè)人 → (personal) adj.個(gè)人的→(personally)adv.就個(gè)人而言

  7. happy:adj.高興的 → (happiness) n.幸福 → (happier) adj.更高興的 →(happier為happy的比較級(jí),be happy with … 對(duì)…滿意)

  8. color:n.顏色,彩色 → (colorful) adj.彩色的

  care:n.護(hù)理 → (careful) adj.小心的 → (carefully) adv. 小心

  use:n.用處 → (useful)adj.有用的

  wonder:v.想知道;n.奇跡 → (wonderful)adj.精彩的→ (wonderfully) adv.極好地

  9. luck:n.運(yùn)氣 →(lucky)adj.幸運(yùn)的 → (luckily) adv.幸運(yùn)的是 → (unluckily) adv.不幸運(yùn)的是(but提示)

  10. fortune:n.運(yùn)氣 → (fortunately) adv.幸運(yùn)的是 →(misfortune)n.不幸

  → (unfortunately) adv.不幸運(yùn)的是(but提示)

  11. eat:v.吃 → (eating)(為eat的動(dòng)名詞) n.吃→ eat - ate - eaten

  12. call:v.把…稱為 → (called) (為call的過(guò)去分詞)

  13. grow - grew - grown 生長(zhǎng) → (growth) n.生長(zhǎng)

  14. especial:adj.尤其的,特殊的 → (especially) adv.尤其

  15. sell - (sold) 賣; buy - (bought) 買

  16. main:adj.主要的  → (mainly) adv.主要

  17. educate:v.教育  → (education) n.教育

  18. feel - (felt) 感到;fall - (fell) 落下

  19. practice:v./n.練習(xí) → (practically) adv. 實(shí)際上

  20. recover:v.恢復(fù) → (recovery) n.痊愈

  21. survive:v.幸存 → (survival)n.幸存 → (survivor)n.幸存者

  22. understand - understood - understood 理解 → (misunderstand) 誤解

  23.(responsible) adj.有責(zé)任感的 → (responsibility)n.責(zé)任感 → be responsible for 對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)

  24. able:adj.有能力的 → (ability) n.能力

  25. honest:adj.誠(chéng)實(shí)的 → (honestly) adv.誠(chéng)實(shí)地 →(honesty)n.誠(chéng)實(shí)

  26. fool:v.愚弄;n.傻瓜 → (foolish) adj.愚蠢的

  27. dead:adj.死的 → (deadly) adj. 致命的

  28. tell - told - told 告訴;sell - (sold)

  29. avail:v.有益 → (available) adj.可利用的

  reason:n.原因 → (reasonable) adj. 合情合理的

  30. please:v.使…高興;請(qǐng) → (pleased)adj. 高興的 → (pleasure) n.愉悅 →(pleasant)adj.令人愉快的

  31. accept:v.接受 → (acceptance) n.認(rèn)可,接受

  32. win - won 贏;differ:v.不同 - (different) adj.不同的

  33. break - broke - broken 打碎

  34. wear - (wore) - worn 穿

  tear - (tore) - torn:v.撕破;流淚  n.眼淚

  35. loss:n.損失 → lose:v.丟失;迷失 → lost:adj.迷路的;丟失的

  36. wood:n.木材 → (woody) adj.木質(zhì)的

  37. regular:adj.有規(guī)律的,定期的 → (regularly) adv.定期

  38. possible:adj.可能的 → (possibly) adv.可能地

  probable:adj.可能的 → (probably) adv.可能地

  terrible:adj.可怕的 → (terribly) adv.可怕地

  simple:adj.簡(jiǎn)單的 → (simply) adv.簡(jiǎn)直;簡(jiǎn)單地

  39. surprise:n.驚喜;v.使吃驚 → (surprisingly) adv.驚人地

  increase:v.增加 → (increasingly) adv. 日益增加地

  40. actual:adj.實(shí)際的 → (actually) adv.實(shí)際上

  41. sudden:adj.突然的 → (suddenly) adv.突然

  42. fall- (fell) - fallen 落下

  43. build - built - (built) 修建 (rebuild:v.重建)

  44. slow:adj.慢的;v.減慢 → (slowly) adv.慢地

  45. blood:n.血液 → (bleed) v.流血

  46. effect:n.效果 → (affect) v.影響

  have an effect on sb 對(duì)…有影響

  47. perform:v.表演 → (performer) n.表演者 → performance n.表演

  48. decide:v.決定 → (decision) n.決定

  49. contribute:v.貢獻(xiàn) → (contribution)n.奉獻(xiàn)(to)

  50. develop:v.發(fā)展 → (development)n.發(fā)展(with)

  51. assist:v.幫助 → (assistant)n.助手

  52. arrive:v.到達(dá) → (arrival)n.到達(dá)

  53. late:adj.晚的;adv.晚地 → (lately)adv.最近 →(latest)adj.最新的

  【注】late,lately,later,latter,latest的區(qū)別

 。1) late

  A. 形容詞

  ①遲的,晚的

  I was late for school. 我上學(xué)遲到了。

  I was ten minutes late. 我遲到了十分鐘。

  ②晚期的, 末期的

  in the late afternoon 在下午較晚的時(shí)候,傍晚

  in the late sixties 六十年代后期

  in the late 1990's/1990s 在二十世紀(jì)九十年代末期

  He began the work in late May. 他在五月底開(kāi)始這項(xiàng)工作。

  It is never too late to mend. [諺語(yǔ)] 改過(guò)不嫌晚。

 、垡压实;前任的

  the late government 上屆政府

  a late president 一位已故的總統(tǒng)

  She was an admirer of the late president. 她欽佩前總統(tǒng)。

 、苄碌

  some late news 一些新消息

  B. 副詞

 、龠t地,晚地

  Better late than never. [諺語(yǔ)] 遲做總比不做好。

  I got up late. 我起晚了。

  late in autumn 在深秋

 、谛陆,最近

  I saw him as late as yesterday. 直到昨天我還看見(jiàn)過(guò)他。

  (2) later

  A. 副詞

 、俸髞(lái)?蓡为(dú)使用,用于過(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)。

  Later the boy found his mother. 后來(lái)那個(gè)男孩找到了他的媽媽。

  See you later. 再見(jiàn)!回頭見(jiàn)!

 、 …之后。可放在時(shí)間段后,只用于過(guò)去時(shí)。

  He arrived in London on Monday, two days later he left for New York.他星期一到了倫敦,兩天后他出發(fā)去紐約。

  ③為late的比較級(jí),意為"較晚地".

  The big stores are open later on Thursdays. 每逢星期四大商店開(kāi)門較晚。

  B. 形容詞,為late的比較級(jí),意為"較晚的".

  the later comers 來(lái)的較晚的人

  (3)latest

  A. 形容詞

 、僮钚碌

  the latest news 最新的消息

  ②為late的最高級(jí),譯為"最晚的,最遲的".

  the latest comer 來(lái)得最遲的人

  B. 副詞,為late的最高級(jí),譯為"最晚地,最遲地".

  come the earliest and leave the latest 來(lái)得最早,走得最晚

  C. 名詞,譯為"最新消息、時(shí)裝".

  Have you heard the latest about the war? 你聽(tīng)到有關(guān)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最新消息了嗎?

  短語(yǔ):at the latest 最遲

  I should be back by 11 o’clock at the latest. 我最遲11點(diǎn)回來(lái)。

 。4)lately:副詞,與recently同義,通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),譯為"最近、近來(lái)".

  What have you been doing lately? 你最近在做什么?

  He came as lately as last week. 他最近在上周來(lái)過(guò)。

  (5)latter:adj.后面的,后者的(the former, the latter前者,后者)

  The latter point is the most important.

  后面提及的那一點(diǎn)是最重要的。

  I prefer the former design to the latter.

  比起后者的設(shè)計(jì)方案, 我更喜歡前者的。

  【練習(xí)】用latter, late, later, latest或lately填空。

  1. Better _____ than never.

  2. Let's consider the question _______.

  3. Of the two the _____ is better than the former.

  4. Have you seen Peter _______?

  5. Here is the _______ issue of China Daily.

  6. The _______ part of the text is the most important.

  【解析】

  1. Better late than never. [諺語(yǔ)] 遲做總比不做好。答案為late 遲地。

  2. 此句譯為:讓我們稍后考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題。答案為later較遲地。

  3. 此句譯為:這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題中,后者比前者更好。the former, the latter前者,后者為固定搭配,答案為latter.

  4. 此句譯為:你最近見(jiàn)過(guò)彼得嗎? 答案為lately,最近。

  5. 此句譯為:這是《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》最新的期刊。答案為latest,最新的。

  6. 此句譯為:這個(gè)文本最后面的部分是最重要的。答案為late的最高級(jí)latest.

  54. deep:adj.深的;adv.深深地 → (deeply)adv.深深地

  55. decorate:v.裝飾 → (decoration) n.裝飾品

  56. difficult:adj.困難的 → (difficulty)n.困難

  57. patience:n.耐心→(patient) adj.有耐心的→(impatient) adj.不耐心的→(patiently) adv.有耐心地

  polite:adj.有禮貌的→(impolite) adj.沒(méi)禮貌的

  58. perfect:adj.完美的→(perfection)n.完美→ (imperfection) n.不完美

  59. hard:adj.努力的,困難的;adv.努力地 → (hardly)adv.幾乎不

  hard work 繁重的工作;work hard 努力地工作(動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))

  Eg:

 。1)It is very hard for me to study English better. 要把英語(yǔ)學(xué)好對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是很困難的。

 。2) He is so excited that he can hardly sleep. 他是如此地興奮以至于他幾乎不能入睡。

  60. find - found - found 發(fā)現(xiàn),找到;found - founded - founded 成立

  詳解:find意為"發(fā)現(xiàn)、找到",為動(dòng)詞原形。found既是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞find的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞,本身又是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形,意為"建立、成立、創(chuàng)辦".

  founded為動(dòng)詞found的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞。如:

  He has already found his watch. 他已經(jīng)找到了手表。

  The school was founded ten years ago. 這所學(xué)校是十年前創(chuàng)辦的。

  61. choose - chose - (chosen) 選擇

  shoot - shot - shot 射擊

  shoot sb 擊斃/中/傷某人;shoot at sb 瞄準(zhǔn)某人

  62. repeat:v./n.重復(fù) → (repeatedly) adv.重復(fù)地

  63. behave:v.表現(xiàn)→(behavior) n.行為(=behaviour)

  64. ill:adj.病的→(illness) n.疾病

  65. convenient:adj.方便的→ (convenience) n.便利

  66. press:v.按→ (pressure) n.壓力

  67. teach - taught - (taught)  教

  68. thank:v.感謝 →(thankful)adj.感激的→(thankfully) adv.感謝地

  69. moral:adj.道德的→ (morality) n.道德

  70. home:n.家→(homeless) adj.無(wú)家可歸的

  end:n.結(jié)尾→ (endless) adj.無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的

  hope:v.希望→(hopeless)adj. 絕望的→(hopeful)adj.有希望的

  71. flower:v.澆花;n.花→(flowered) adj.花式的

  72. poor:adj.貧窮的→ (poverty) n.貧窮

  73. music:n.音樂(lè)→ (musician) n.音樂(lè)家→(musical)adj.音樂(lè)的;n.音樂(lè)片

  74. fail:v.失敗→(failures) n.失敗的事/人

  75. approximate:adj.大約的→ (approximately) adv.大約

  76. active:adj.積極的→ (activity) n.活動(dòng)

  77. satisfy:v.使…滿意→ (satisfaction) n.滿意→(satisfying)adj.令人滿意的(=satisfactory)→(satisfied)adj.滿意的(be satisfied with … )

  78. agree:v.同意→(disagree) v.不贊成 →(agreement)n.同意

  79. describe:v.描述→(description) n.描述

  80. move:v.移動(dòng)→ (movement) n.移動(dòng)

  81. expect:v.期望→(unexpectedly) adv.出乎意料地

  82. angry:adj.生氣的→(anger) n.怒氣

  83. condition:n.條件→(unconditional) adj.無(wú)條件的;無(wú)限的

  84. laugh:v.笑→ (laughter) n.笑(不可數(shù))

  85. friendly:adj.友好的→(friendliness) n.友好

  86. rely:v.依靠→(reliable)adj.可靠的

  87. injure:v.傷害→(injury)n.傷害

  88. advertise:v.做廣告→(advertisement)n.廣告

  89. believe:v.相信→( belief)n.信念→(unbelievable)adj.難以置信的

  90. apologize:v.道歉→(apology)n.道歉

  91. curious:adj.好奇的→(curiosity)n.好奇心

  92. wait:v.等待→(waiter)n.男服務(wù)員→(waitress)n.女服務(wù)員

  act:v.扮演→(actor)n.男演員→(actress)n.女演員

  93. strong:adj.強(qiáng)壯的→(strength) n.力量;長(zhǎng)處,強(qiáng)項(xiàng)

  weak:adj.虛弱的→(weakness)n.缺點(diǎn)→(weaken)v.削弱→(weakening)adj.弱化的

  94. impress:v.使印象深刻→(impressive)adj.給人深刻印象的→( impression)n.印象 (make/leave a deep impression on sb 給某人留下深刻印象)

  95. achieve:v.實(shí)現(xiàn);達(dá)到;完成→(achievement)n.成就

  96. special:adj.特殊的→(specialist)n.專家→(specially)adv.特別地;尤其

  97. entertain:v.使歡樂(lè)→(entertainment)n.娛樂(lè)

  98. humor:n.幽默→(humorous)adj.幽默的

  99. fail:v.失敗→ (failure) n.失敗

  100. vary:v.變化→(various) adj.各種各樣的→(variety) n.多樣性;種類

 。╲ary from A to B 從A到B變化;a variety of 各種各樣的)

  【注】variety 多樣性(不可數(shù)名詞);種類(可數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)為varieties)

  101. permit:v.允許,許可;n.許可證,執(zhí)照→ (permission) n.允許

  102. society:n.社會(huì)→ (social) adj.社交的

  103. fly:v.飛→(flight) n.航班

  104. success:n.成功→(succeed)v.成功→(successful)adj.成功的

  →(successfully) adv.成功地

  105. drink - drank - drunk 喝

  106. confident:adj.有信心的→(confidence)n.信心

  107. conclude:v.下結(jié)論;結(jié)束→(conclusion)n.結(jié)論

  108. glass:玻璃(不可數(shù)名詞)→(glasses)眼鏡

  a glass of milk 一杯牛奶

  two glasses of milk 兩杯牛奶

  109. courage:n.勇氣→(courageous)adj.有勇氣的

  encourage:v.鼓勵(lì)→ (encouragement) n.鼓勵(lì)

  110. hide(v.藏) - hid - hid/hidden

  forbid(v.禁止)- forbad/forbade - forbidden (forbidden adj.禁止的)

  111. reserve:v.預(yù)定;保留→(reservations) n.保留意見(jiàn);預(yù)定

  112. memory:n.記憶→(memorize) v.記住

  113. count:v.數(shù)數(shù)→(countless) adj.無(wú)數(shù)的

  114. intend:v.打算 →(intended)adj.預(yù)期的→ (intention) n.目的,意圖

  intend/plan to do sth 打算做某事;intended goals 預(yù)期的目標(biāo)

  115. legal:adj.合法的→(illegally) adv.非法地

  116. globe:n.地球→(global) adj.全球的

  【四】

  語(yǔ)法填空識(shí)記短語(yǔ):

  1. 值得做……

 。1) be (well) worth doing sth

  Eg: This book is well worth reading for you. 這本書非常值得你讀。(用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義)

  (2)be worthy to be done

 。3)be worthy of being done

  Eg: This book is well worthy of being read for you. = This book is well worthy to be read for you. 這本書非常值得你讀。(用被動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義)

  2. couldn’t help doing sth 情不自禁得做……;

  couldn’t help to do sth 不能幫助做……

  Eg: (1) We couldn’t help laughing when we heard this funny story. 當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到這個(gè)滑稽的故事時(shí),我們都情不自禁地笑了。

  (2) I couldn’t help you to do housework because I’m busy with my study.

  我不能幫助你做家務(wù),因?yàn)槲颐τ趯W(xué)習(xí)。

  3. name A after B:以B的名字為A命名

  Eg: Tom named his son after his father. 湯姆以他父親的名字為他的兒子取名。

  = His son was named after his father.(常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

  4. judge from/by … 由…判斷

  Eg:(1) Don’t judge a person by his appearance.不要以貌取人。

 。2)Judging from his accent, he must be an American. 從他的口音判斷,他一定是個(gè)美國(guó)佬。

  5. compare A with/to B:把A與B做比較;compare A to A':把A比作A'

  Compared with his room, my room is even smaller.

  與他的房間比,我的房間還小一點(diǎn)。(even/much + 比較級(jí))

  6. break down (機(jī)器)出故障;(汽車)拋錨

  break out (戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、洪水、火災(zāi))爆發(fā) (不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

  break into  破門而入,闖入

  7. deep, deeply的區(qū)別

  這兩個(gè)副詞的共同意思是"深".其區(qū)別在于:

  (1)deep作"深深地"解,常用來(lái)修飾具體的或有形的動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作意義很強(qiáng)的分詞; 而deeply作"深入地""深刻地"解,通常用于引申的場(chǎng)合或比喻的意義,起增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用。例如:

  We went deep into the jungle. 我們走進(jìn)叢林深處。

  I deeply regret your misfortune. 對(duì)你的不幸我深表遺憾。

 。2) 修飾形容詞時(shí)習(xí)慣用deeply,不能用deep.例如:

  I'm deeply sorry for what has happened. 我對(duì)發(fā)生的事情深感遺憾。

 。3) 形容靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)時(shí)只能用deep, 不能用deeply.例如:

  The ship sank deep into the sea. 這船深沉海底。

  8. learn from sb  向某人學(xué)習(xí);

  learn a lesson 吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn);

  learn sth from sb  從某人那里學(xué)到…

  We should learn from each other. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)相互學(xué)習(xí)。

  Try and learn from the failure.  要努力從失敗中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。

  She needs to learn a lesson about telling the truth. 她要吸取教訓(xùn)才能說(shuō)實(shí)話。

  We can learn a lot from talk shows. 我們可以從脫口秀中學(xué)到很多東西。

  9. as a result/consequence 結(jié)果(所以);as a result of 由于(因?yàn)椋?/p>

  As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. 因此我們不得不給菜地澆水。

  He was late as a result of the snow. 由于大雪他遲到了。

  10. make up one’s mind(有單復(fù)數(shù)之分) to do sth 下定決心做某事

  in one’s opinion(無(wú)單復(fù)數(shù)之分) 在…看來(lái)

  11. It takes sb + 一段時(shí)間 + to do   做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間

  12. be/become addicted to doing sth   沉溺于…中

  He is addicted to drinking. 他嗜好喝酒。

  13. call on/upon sb to do sth 號(hào)召某人做…

  14. be based on/upon… 以…為基礎(chǔ)/根據(jù);建立在…的基礎(chǔ)上

 。1)base on "以……為根據(jù)",用法應(yīng)是 base A on B. 如:

 、 Edison based his ideas on scientific experiment. 愛(ài)迪生的想法是建立在科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上的。

 、 You should base your opinion on facts. 你的意見(jiàn)都要以事實(shí)為根據(jù)。

  (2)be based on "以……為根據(jù)",用法是A be based on B

 、 What he said is based on fact. 他所說(shuō)的話是以事實(shí)為根據(jù)的。

  ② The story is based on real life. 那故事是根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活而寫的。

 、 Some modern languages are based on Latin. 在些現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言是以拉丁文為基礎(chǔ)的。

  15. get rid of …  消除…

  16. But as life would have it 但是生活注定是難以捉摸

  17. 以下to為介詞:(后加名詞/動(dòng)詞ing形式)

  the/a key to success/succeeding 成功的關(guān)鍵;

  the/a path to success 通向成功之路

  be/get used to doing sth  習(xí)慣做某事 = be/get accustomed to doing sth

  in addition to doing sth 除了做…

  equal to doing sth  (勝任)有能力做某事

  look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事

  pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事

  devote … to doing sth 奉獻(xiàn)…去做某事

  make contributions to doing sth 為…做貢獻(xiàn) = contribute to doing sth

  object to doing sth 反對(duì)做某事

  refer to doing sth 提到做某事

  lead to doing sth 導(dǎo)致做某事

  stick to doing sth 堅(jiān)持做某事

  get down to doing sth 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做某事

  be/become addicted to doing sth 沉溺于…中

  see to doing sth 注意做某事

  Eg:I must see to getting the dinner ready. 我必須注意把飯準(zhǔn)備好。

  18. 以下to為不定式標(biāo)志:(后加動(dòng)原)

  can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事

  spare/leave no efforts to do sth 不遺余力做某事

  make an effort/efforts to do sth 努力做某事

  try/do one’s best to do sth  盡某人的最大努力去做某事= do all sb can to do sth 盡力做某事

  There is no time/chance to do sth  沒(méi)時(shí)間/機(jī)會(huì)做某事

  It/There is no use (in) doing sth  做某事毫無(wú)意義

  have no choice but to do sth 除了做…之外沒(méi)有其他的選擇(表將去做)

  = have nothing to do but do sth

  = can do nothing but do sth (前帶do后必省to, to為不定式標(biāo)志)

  Eg:I want nothing but to borrow a magazine from you.

  He could do nothing but wait for the bus to come.

  19. keep/stay + adj. 如:keep quiet保持安靜;stay calm 保持鎮(zhèn)定

  20. To one’s surprise/amazement/delight 讓某人感到吃驚/高興的是…

  21. (at) one time or another; one, the other

  Most of my friends have cheated on tests in school at one time or another. 我的大多數(shù)朋友在學(xué)校測(cè)驗(yàn)時(shí)都曾經(jīng)作過(guò)弊。

  22. It is possible/probable/likely that:……是可能的

  sb is likely (like) to do sth 某人可能做……

  23. It occurred to sb that… 某人突然想起 …

  It occurred to sb to do sth  某人突然想起做某事

  It occurred to me that I had not handed in my paper. 我突然想起我還沒(méi)有交論文。

  It didn't occur to him to ask for help. 他沒(méi)想到請(qǐng)別人幫忙。

  24. avoid being done 避免被…( avoid doing sth)

  To avoid being caught by the police, he ran very fast.

  25. can’t bear/stand/tolerate(容忍) doing sth 不能容忍做…

  I can’t bear/stand/tolerate being kept waiting. 我不能容忍久等。

  26. be surprised at (doing) sth 對(duì)…感到吃驚 = be surprised to do sth

  I’m surprised at what you say. 我對(duì)你所說(shuō)的話感到吃驚。

  I’m surprised to see you here. 看見(jiàn)你在這兒,我很吃驚。

  = I’m surprised at seeing you here.

  27. in search of:搜尋…

  【注】search作動(dòng)詞指"尋找",后面跟尋找的范圍,而search for后面跟

  尋找的目標(biāo)。如:

  Are they still searching for their child? 他們還在尋找他們的孩子嗎?