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大學生就業(yè)難英語論文
經(jīng)�？吹揭恍﹫蟮溃f現(xiàn)在很多學生考上大學甚至是知名大學，依然覺得很迷茫。三分之一的人不喜歡自己的學校，討厭自己的專業(yè)。另外，有三成同學試圖改變專業(yè)未遂。也就是說相當多的學生，大學期間是不快樂的。那么小編今天就給大家?guī)泶髮W生就業(yè)難英語論文，希望大家參閱。
College students are a valuable resource for the nation. It is the hope of the nation and the future of the motherland. It is the backbone of building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing national rejuvenation. With the increase of the number of college graduates, it has become the focus of the society, colleges, families and students to effectively solve the problem of the employment of college graduates.
1. The current situation of college students' employment difficulties.
According to statistics, in 2004 China's college graduates 2.8 million, 680000 increase over 2003, 2005, 3.4 million, the net gain of 580000 than in 2004, in 2007 the national ordinary university graduates will reach 4.95 million. More than 2006, 750000 people, 22%, a record high. While the number of new graduates has increased year by year, the number of unemployed graduates has risen steadily. It is reported that the number of unemployed graduates in 2004 was 690,000. In 2005, the number was 790,000. In 2006, it reached 930,000. These data strongly suggest that the college students are faced with the difficulty of employment of the gravity of the situation, task, and work in the long-term. Be fully prepared for ideological understanding and psychological. Society puts forward new requirements to personnel qualities.
2. The root of difficult employment for college students.
2.1 search for roots in society.
2.1.1 imperfect social market system.
In the modern era of college students' employment has changed the traditional planned economy "series, packages, tube" mode, instead of college students and unit of choose and employ persons "meet the supply and demand", "two-way choice", university students' employment into the market. However, the imperfect social employment market system, the inadequate laws and regulations, is one of the root causes of employment difficulties for college students.
2.1.2 concept of employing unit.
Now. The unit of choose and employ persons blindly increase the standard of choose and employ persons in terms of talent introduction. Conditions are increasingly demanding, diploma is no longer the only "passport" to the ideal career, in addition to advocating education, graduates with good professional knowledge and skills. Also ask its has a good ideological and moral qualities, strong working ability, practice ability and innovative spirit, and most graduates are often not able to completely accords with the demand of unit of choose and employ persons, "abandon" for a number of unit of choose and employ persons. In addition, there is the issue of gender discrimination in employment. Many employers' advertisements clearly specify "only male" or "men first".
2.2 find the source from the university itself.
2.2.1 talent training mode.
In the new era of education need to constantly innovate. To meet the needs of the development. At present, problems of our country's higher education mode is a professional divided carefully, diameter is relatively narrow, not conducive to the development of the students: only pay attention to the theoretical knowledge to the students. Ignore to the student ability quality of ascension as well as the students' comprehensive quality education: speak only academic study, ignore the vocational skills: combined with the weak teachers and teaching quality after enrolment, all these caused the knowledge, ability and level is not adapt to each other. Lead to college students is hard to do jobs, employment difficult.
2.2.2 the employment guidance is not effective.
Some colleges and universities cannot provide the corresponding employment guidance service for college students, to make it difficult for college students to obtain employment. First, the employment guidance for graduates is not practical. Lack of understanding of the needs of the talent market, lack of effective employment guidance system, lack of professional experience and business capability. Secondly, there is no career planning and employment guidance for students throughout the whole teaching process. Some only offer career guidance courses when students are about to graduate, only for the graduates, not included in the school students, the guidance scope is small. Moreover, most employment guidance forms are simple and simple, and do not start from the actual college students.
2.2.3 "production and marketing" imbalance.
As the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities. Some universities offer "popular professional" blindly, lack what is what. Ignored the market share of "product". The graduate students to question, the result is excess talent supply and demand. "marketing".
2.3 find the source of the students themselves.
2.3.1 high expectations.
College students' expectations of career choice are generally high and their sense of social responsibility is weak. There is an obvious mismatch between the willingness of choosing a career and the demand of society for talents. Expectations are too high, which can lead to the frustration of choosing a career and the loss of opportunity.
Therefore, it is very important to guide university students to establish reasonable career expectations. Due to higher education at the university of investment on the home front. Students after graduation is also expected to get the corresponding returns. Therefore likely to cause "industry is" and "unemployed can" two contradictions co-exist. Other students set goals for themselves during career planning.
Regulation itself in a few years as a manager, in a few years to become the boss and so on. Holding the college students is to make the idea of "white collar". Put down shelves, and the lack of the spirit of the feet on the ground from the grassroots once began. These exorbitant requirements lead to the "high and low" mentality of college students in choosing a career, which ultimately leads to a difficult employment situation.
2.3.2 the self-quality needs to be improved.
Some graduates overestimate their own qualities and abilities, and cannot meet the requirements of employers.
2.3.3 lack of entrepreneurial awareness.
The traditional employment outlook restricts the successful employment of college students, and the college students generally have the ideas of "waiting", "leaning" and "wanting", and lack of entrepreneurial spirit and independent entrepreneurial consciousness. In the face of today's huge market entrepreneurial platform. The graduates would rather be existing employment market cheap replacement with competitors, is not willing to achieve a breakthrough, the self is not willing to go along with the road of entrepreneurship.
2.3.4 ideas need to be changed.
Some students when choosing a subconscious dominated by traditional ideas, the only target in government departments, institutions, public ownership enterprise, foreign enterprise, think these units are "iron rice bowl", guaranteed a steady job. Some students also choose coastal developed areas such as Beijing, Shanghai and shenzhen, which also impose limitations on employment.
3. Ways to solve the difficult employment of college students.
3.1 perfect the job market for college students.
The government should play a positive and main role in improving the employment market of college students, optimizing the employment environment of college students and improving the laws and regulations of the employment market. On the one hand, the government is trying to expand the demand for the job market. At present, we should give priority to developing industries and enterprises with large space for employment growth, and vigorously develop the tertiary industry. We will increase the development of the western region and provide more jobs. On the other hand, the government has introduced preferential policies to encourage college students to choose jobs in underdeveloped areas such as the west or the grassroots. At present, the problem of overconcentration of college students is particularly prominent, and the government needs to strengthen guidance on this phenomenon. In the country's latest employment policy for college students, it is said: encourage college graduates to work in the grassroots and hard work areas. Governments at all levels to create working conditions for the college graduates. Main enrich the urban communities and rural villages and towns grass-roots unit. Engaged in education, health, public security, agricultural extension, poverty alleviation and other social public welfare undertakings. In hard work for two years or more than two years, enter oneself for an examination the graduate student, should give priority to recommend, admission to enter oneself for an examination party and government organs and apply for the position of state-owned enterprises and institutions, under the same conditions, priority should be accepted. We will encourage all enterprises and institutions, especially small and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises and institutions, to hire graduates from universities and colleges, and the relevant government departments shall provide them with convenient conditions and corresponding services. The provincial capital cities should earnestly implement relevant policies and remove restrictions on hukou. In addition, the government should strengthen the ability of macro-control, and make plans for education to adapt to the overall plan of social development. Finally, colleges and universities should further broaden the employment channels. We should boldly try new ways, intensify external publicity, collect information of employers extensively, and set up a certain information database of employers. Actively contact the employing units and establish friendly cooperative relations with them to form a virtuous circle of employment.
3.2 raise the entrepreneurial awareness of college students.
College students should make great efforts to cultivate pioneering consciousness. In the face of the severe employment situation, the implementation of the development strategy of expanding employment, job creation and encourage entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities. To improve the current difficult employment situation has the very vital significance. The entrepreneurship of college graduates can not only provide more jobs for the society, reduce the employment pressure, but also benefit the overall development of college students. As new peak into the working age population. College students entrepreneurship can not only improve graduates employment problem, at the same time can provide other underemployed workers in society with more jobs, to achieve the ideal of entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities. However, starting a business requires the efforts of the society, universities and students to complete the employment. Society should give graduates to provide a good business environment and the effective laws and regulations safeguard system, in colleges and universities should focus on cultivating students' innovative consciousness, the student individual should have the spirit of striving, bold innovation.
3.3 adjust the training mode of university talents.
The talent training mode should adapt to the needs of college students' job market. Colleges and universities should predict the future demand of talents according to the whole economic environment, rationally adjust the professional structure, and determine the majors and scale of admission. In terms of classroom teaching, universities should change the traditional education ideas and modes of talent training, transferring from one-sided focus on professional knowledge education to at the same time pay attention to cultivate students' quality and comprehensive ability of track, including professional and technical ability, interpersonal ability, thinking ability and innovation ability, etc. Strengthen the cultivation of practical and hands-on ability, strengthen practice. To broaden the students' knowledge, improving students' innovation consciousness. In addition, colleges and universities can also through the establishment of system of scholarship, university-enterprise cooperation, directional cultivating way. Take appropriate the specific requirements of the unit of choose and employ persons of the talent training scheme, to cultivate "relevant" production and sales of college graduates in advance.
3.4 improve the employment guidance system.
Colleges and universities should establish a career guidance center. For students to enter the university after graduation in the future to the employment problem should focus on all the way, often in the form of lectures, discussions and other to do a good job of college students' employment guidance.
3.4.1 establish the correct concept of employment.
On the one hand, college students can't always stare at "hot" jobs. With the change of society, the old industries are disappearing and new industries are constantly being produced. What used to be regarded as "humble" work, but more able to exercise people's skills. On the other hand, to set up a diversified employment outlook cannot wait until graduation to decide whether to take the postgraduate entrance exam, go abroad or work. Some students just don't think about going to the postgraduate entrance exam after work, or turning to work after failing in the exam. These are all aimless behaviors. Only early preparation can form a clear career goal in college, so that you won't be confused when you graduate. Finally, you can't miss the boat. Take the opportunity to remember that "opportunity knocks but once." Some graduates lose the best chance to choose a career in order to be able to move into a more desirable work unit and wait for their immediate employer. Graduates should be good at grasping the opportunity of employment. Timely sign employment agreement with employers.
3.4.2 cultivate college students' employability.
To help students to master more skills for employment. How to prepare the interview material, including resume, honorary certificate, qualification certificate, etc., how to use language allows businesses to get to know you. How to find a good job market in large, looking at enterprise development potential, and so on. These seemingly simple employability requires comprehensive guidance to students by the employment guidance center. Employment guidance also includes guidance on college students' psychological quality and psychological endurance. Strengthen the training of education and anti-frustration ability of the graduates, and pay attention to the students with mental unhealthy or family difficulties, and conduct timely guidance.
譯文:
大學生是國家寶貴的人才資源.是民族的希望、祖國的未來，是全面建設小康社會、實現(xiàn)民族復興的中堅力量。隨著高校畢業(yè)生人數(shù)的增加.有效地解決高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)難的問題，已成為社會、高校、家庭及學生共同關(guān)注的焦點。
1大學生就業(yè)難的現(xiàn)狀
據(jù)統(tǒng)計,2004年中國高校畢業(yè)生達到280萬人，比2003年增長68萬：2005年突破340萬，比2004年凈增58萬人：2007年全國普通高校畢業(yè)生將達到495萬人.比2006年增加75萬人，增幅達22%.創(chuàng)下歷史新高。在應屆畢業(yè)生數(shù)量年年大幅度增長的同時.往屆畢業(yè)生待業(yè)的現(xiàn)象大量出現(xiàn)，而且這個數(shù)量還在逐年上升。據(jù)悉，2004年全國待就業(yè)畢業(yè)生達69萬人.2005年達79萬人.2006年達93萬人.2007年將達124萬人。這些數(shù)據(jù)充分表明了大學生面臨的就業(yè)形勢的嚴峻性、任務的艱巨性和工作的長期性.對此要有充分的思想認識和心理準備.社會對人才素質(zhì)提出了新的要求。
2大學生就業(yè)難的根源
2.1從社會方面找根源
2.1.1 社會市場體制不完善
當今大學生就業(yè)改變了傳統(tǒng)計劃經(jīng)濟時代的“統(tǒng)、包、管”模式，取而代之的是大學生和用人單位的“供需見面”、“雙向選擇”的方式，大學生就業(yè)進入市場化。然而社會就業(yè)市場體制的不完善，相應法律、法規(guī)的不健全.是造成大學生就業(yè)難的根源之一。
2.1.2用人單位觀念問題
目前.用人單位在人才引進方面盲目提高用人標準.條件要求也愈加苛刻，文憑已經(jīng)不再是走向理想職業(yè)的唯一“通行證”，除了崇尚高學歷，要求畢業(yè)生具有好的專業(yè)知識技能外.還要求其具有良好的思想道德素質(zhì)、較強的工作能力、動手能力、創(chuàng)新精神，多數(shù)應屆畢業(yè)生往往不能夠完全符合用人單位的需求，為許多用人單位所“嫌棄”。另外，還存在就業(yè)性別歧視的問題.不少招聘單位的廣告明確地寫明“只限男性”或“男士優(yōu)先”。
2.2從高校自身找根源
2.2.1 人才培養(yǎng)模式
新時期的教育需要不斷進行創(chuàng)新.才能符合發(fā)展的需要.目前.我國高等教育模式存在的問題是專業(yè)劃分過細、口徑較窄、不利于學生的發(fā)展：只注重對學生理論知識的灌輸.忽視對學生能力素質(zhì)的提升以及學生全面素質(zhì)地教育：只講學術(shù)研究，忽視職業(yè)技能：加之擴招后師資力量薄弱、教學質(zhì)量下降，這些都造成了知識、能力、層次等相互之間不適應.導致大學生難以勝任工作崗位，就業(yè)艱難。
2.2.2就業(yè)指導工作不得力
有些高校不能為大學生提供相應的就業(yè)指導服務，至使大學生就業(yè)難。首先，對畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)指導缺乏實用性。不了解人才市場的需求，缺乏有效的就業(yè)指導體制，缺乏專業(yè)經(jīng)驗以及業(yè)務能力。其次，沒有將人生職業(yè)規(guī)劃和對學生的就業(yè)指導貫穿于整個教學全過程。有的只是在學生即將畢業(yè)時開設就業(yè)指導課，只針對畢業(yè)生，并未將在校生包括在內(nèi)，指導范圍小。再者，大多數(shù)就業(yè)指導形式單一、內(nèi)容簡單，并未從大學生的實際出發(fā)。
2.2.3“產(chǎn)銷”不平衡
隨著高校的擴招.一些高校盲目開設一些“熱門專業(yè)”，缺什么就添什么.忽視了“產(chǎn)品”的市場占有.即畢業(yè)學生的去向問題，結(jié)果造成人才供求過剩.“產(chǎn)銷”不平衡。
2.3從學生本人找根源
2.3.1 期望值過高
大學生擇業(yè)期望值普遍偏高、社會責任意識淡薄.擇業(yè)意愿與社會對人才的需求存在著明顯錯位。期望值過高，既可能產(chǎn)生擇業(yè)的挫折感，又可能導致機會的喪失。
因而.指導大學生確立合理的職業(yè)期望是非常重要的。家庭方面因大學教育的較高投入.同樣期望學生畢業(yè)后能夠得到相應的回報.因此有可能造成大學生“有業(yè)不就”和“無業(yè)可就”兩種矛盾并存。還有的學生職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃過程中給自己定了目標.
規(guī)定自己在幾年內(nèi)成為經(jīng)理，再有幾年成為老板等等.抱著大學生就是要做“白領(lǐng)”的念頭.不肯放下架子，缺乏腳踏實地從基層開始干起的精神。這些過高的要求導致大學生在擇業(yè)時存在“高不成、低不就”的心理，最終造成就業(yè)難的局面。
2.3.2 自身素質(zhì)有待提高
大學生的自身素質(zhì)與社會需求的差距較大.部分畢業(yè)生過高估計自己的素質(zhì)和能力，不能滿足用人單位的要求。
2.3.3缺乏創(chuàng)業(yè)意識
傳統(tǒng)的就業(yè)擇業(yè)觀制約了大學生成功就業(yè)，大學生普遍存在“等”、“靠”、“要”等思想，缺乏創(chuàng)業(yè)精神和自主創(chuàng)業(yè)意識。在面對當今市場巨大的創(chuàng)業(yè)平臺.高校畢業(yè)生寧愿成為現(xiàn)有就業(yè)市場廉價的替代者與競爭者，也不愿意實現(xiàn)對自我的突破，不愿意走上創(chuàng)業(yè)之路。
2.3.4思想觀念需要改變
一些學生擇業(yè)時潛意識的受傳統(tǒng)思想觀念支配，只把目標鎖定在政府部門、事業(yè)單位、公有制企業(yè)、外企上，認為這些單位是“鐵飯碗”，工作穩(wěn)定有保障。還有些學生選擇北京、上海、深圳等沿海發(fā)達地區(qū).這也給就業(yè)帶來了局限性。
3解決大學生就業(yè)難的途徑
3.1完善大學生就業(yè)市場
政府在完善大學生就業(yè)市場、優(yōu)化大學生就業(yè)環(huán)境、改善就業(yè)市場法律法規(guī)不健全方面要起到積極和主要的作用。一方面政府努力擴大就業(yè)市場的需求量。當前，要優(yōu)先發(fā)展就業(yè)增長空間大的產(chǎn)業(yè)和企業(yè)，大力發(fā)展第三產(chǎn)業(yè).加大西部開發(fā)力度，提供更多的就業(yè)崗位。另一方面，政府出臺優(yōu)惠政策，積極鼓勵大學生向西部或基層等經(jīng)濟欠發(fā)達地區(qū)選擇就業(yè)。目前大學生就業(yè)，地區(qū)選擇過于集中的問題尤其突出，政府需要對此現(xiàn)象加強引導。在國家出臺的最新大學生就業(yè)政策中就談到：鼓勵高校畢業(yè)生到基層和艱苦地區(qū)工作。各級政府要為高校畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)造工作條件.主要充實城市社區(qū)和農(nóng)村鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)基層單位.從事教育、衛(wèi)生、公安、農(nóng)技、扶貧和其他社會公益事業(yè)。在艱苦地區(qū)工作兩年或兩年以上者，報考研究生的，應優(yōu)先予以推薦、錄取報考黨政機關(guān)和應聘國有企事業(yè)單位的，在同等條件下，應優(yōu)先錄取。鼓勵各類企事業(yè)單位特別是中小企業(yè)和民營企事業(yè)單位聘用高校畢業(yè)生，政府有關(guān)部門要為其提供便利條件和相應服務。對企業(yè)跨地區(qū)聘用的高校畢業(yè)生.省會以下城市要認真落實有關(guān)政策，取消落戶限制。再者，政府應該加強宏觀調(diào)控的能力.做好高等教育的規(guī)劃以適應社會發(fā)展總體規(guī)劃。最后，高校方面也要進一步拓寬就業(yè)渠道.主動出擊開拓就業(yè)市場。大膽嘗試新的方式，加大對外宣傳力度，廣泛收集用人單位信息，建立一定規(guī)模的用人單位信息資料庫。積極聯(lián)絡用人單位，并與之建立友好的合作關(guān)系，形成就業(yè)工作的良性循環(huán)。
3.2提高大學生創(chuàng)業(yè)意識
高校大學生應努力培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意識.在面對嚴峻的就業(yè)形式下，實施擴大就業(yè)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè).對改善目前就業(yè)難的局面有十分重要的意義。大學畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)業(yè)不僅可以為社會提供更多就業(yè)崗位、減輕就業(yè)壓力.而且有利于大學生全面發(fā)展。隨著新增勞動年齡人口進入高峰期.大學生創(chuàng)業(yè)不但可以改善畢業(yè)生自己的就業(yè)問題，同時可以為社會上其他的待就業(yè)人員提供更多就業(yè)崗位，達到創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)的理想境界。然而創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)需要來自社會、高校、學生個人幾方面的努力才能完成。社會應該給畢業(yè)生提供良好的創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境和有效的法律法規(guī)保障制度：高校應該注重培養(yǎng)學生創(chuàng)新意識：學生個人應該具有勇于拼搏、大膽創(chuàng)新的精神。
3.3調(diào)整高校人才培養(yǎng)模式
高校的人才培養(yǎng)模式應該主動適應大學生就業(yè)市場的需要。高校應根據(jù)整個經(jīng)濟環(huán)境來預測未來的人才需求狀況，合理調(diào)整專業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，確定招生的專業(yè)和規(guī)模。在課堂教學方面，高校要轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)的教育觀念和人才培養(yǎng)模式，把從片面注重專業(yè)知識教育轉(zhuǎn)移到同時注重培養(yǎng)學生素質(zhì)和綜合能力的軌道上來，包括專業(yè)技術(shù)能力、人際交往能力、思維能力及創(chuàng)新能力等.加強實踐和動手能力的培養(yǎng)，加大實習力度.拓寬學生的知識面，提高學生的創(chuàng)新意識。此外，高校還可以通過建立獎學金制度、校企合作、定向培養(yǎng)等方式.采取相應的符合用人單位特定要求的人才培養(yǎng)方案，來預先培養(yǎng)“產(chǎn)銷對路”的高校畢業(yè)生。
3.4完善就業(yè)指導體系
高校應成立專門的就業(yè)指導中心.對學生進入大學后將來的畢業(yè)去向即就業(yè)問題應全程關(guān)注，經(jīng)常以講座、討論等多種形式做好大學生就業(yè)的指導工作。
3.4.1樹立正確的就業(yè)觀念
一方面，大學生不能總是盯著“熱門”職業(yè)。隨著社會的變遷，舊的行業(yè)在不斷消失，新的行業(yè)也不斷產(chǎn)生。過去被人視為“低賤”的工作，反而更能鍛煉人的本領(lǐng).發(fā)揮個人的潛力。另一方面，樹立多元化就業(yè)觀，不能等到畢業(yè)時才決定是考研、出國還是工作。有的學生只是在找不到工作后才想到去考研，或是考研失敗后轉(zhuǎn)而去找工作，這些都是漫無目標的行為。只有早做準備.在大學期間才能形成一個明確的擇業(yè)目標，才能夠在畢業(yè)時不會感到迷茫。最后，不能錯失良機。把握機會，要牢記“機不可失，時不再來”。有些畢業(yè)生為了能夠進入更理想的工作單位把眼前的工作單位放著一等再等，結(jié)果失去最佳的擇業(yè)良機。畢業(yè)生應該善于把握就業(yè)時機.及時與用人單位簽訂就業(yè)協(xié)議書.
3.4.2培養(yǎng)大學生就業(yè)能力
幫助大學生掌握更多的就業(yè)技巧.如何準備好面試材料，包括簡歷、榮譽證書、資格證書等，如何通過語言讓企業(yè)了解你.如何在偌大的就業(yè)市場中找好自己的定位，觀察企業(yè)的發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ鹊?這些看似簡單的就業(yè)能力都需要由就業(yè)指導中心對學生進行全面指導。就業(yè)指導還包括對大學生心理素質(zhì)、心理承受能力的指導。加強對畢業(yè)生的心理健康教育和抗挫折能力的培養(yǎng)，對畢業(yè)生中心理不健康或是家庭困難的學生要進行關(guān)注，及時進行開導。
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