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狀語從句講解
狀語從句是指在復合句中充當狀語成分的句子。狀語從句可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。以下是小編給大家整理的關于狀語從句講解,歡迎閱讀!
狀語從句大盤點
狀語從句一般可分為九大類,分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。要想掌握它關鍵是要掌握引導不同狀語從句的常用連接詞。現(xiàn)分別列舉如下:
【小結1】
常見的時間狀語從句的引導詞有:when(當……的時候),whenever(每當),after(在……之后),before(在……之前),as(當……;一邊……一邊),as soon as/hardly…when/no sooner…than(一……就……),while(在……期間),till/until(直到),since(自從)等。
1.He was reading newspapers as he was waiting for the bus.
他一邊等公共汽車,一邊讀報紙。
2.He has taught English in this middle school since he graduated from college.
自從大學畢業(yè),他就在這所中學教書。
3.I’ll give you a phone as soon as I come back.我一回來就給你打電話。
注意:
1.當since引導狀語從句,主句往往用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),如例2。
2.如果主句是一般將來時態(tài),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),如例3。
【小結2】常見的條件狀語從句的引導詞有:
1.由if,unless引導,if意為“如果”,unless意為“除非,如果不”(if not)。
You will be late unless you leave immediately.除非你立即走,否則,你會遲到。
If you don’t hurry up,you’ll be late.如果你不快點,你就會晚了。
2.由suppose,supposing,as/so long as,providing,provided,on condition that和in case等引導。這類連詞(詞組)意思相近,有“如果、假設、即使、在……條件下”等意義。
Suppose (Supposing) he is ill,what shall we do?如果他病了,我們該怎么辦?
You’ll succeed,as long as you follow his advice.只要你聽從他的勸告,你就會成功的。
注意:
在條件狀語從句中,當主句和從句動作都表示將來時,主句用將來時態(tài),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。
【小結3】常見的原因狀語從句的引導詞有:because(因為),since(既然),as(由于),now that(既然,因為)等連詞引導:
1.because
表示直接的原因或理由,表示原因的語氣最強,常表示必然的因果關系;卮鹨詗hy引起的特殊疑問句,只能用because。
Jane wore a raincoat because it was raining.因為天下雨,所以簡穿著雨衣。
He is absent today because he is ill.他今天缺課,因為他病了。
2.since
表示對方已經知曉、無須加以說明的原因或事實,語氣比because稍弱。
I’ll do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙,我來替你做吧。
Since you insist,I’ll go.既然你堅持,那我就去。
3.as
表示的往往是十分明顯的原因,聽者或讀者已經知道或能看得出來,語氣較弱,只附帶說明,比較口語化。
We had better hurry as it’s getting dark.因為天快要黑了,我們最好快點。
As it is raining,I’ll not go out.因為正在下雨,我就不出去了。
4.for
for是并列連詞,它引導的分句不表示直接的原因,而是用來附帶解釋或說明前面一句的情況。for引導的分句常位于第一分句之后,它們之間用逗號隔開。
It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚準是下雨了,今天早上地面還是濕的。
The day breaks,for the birds are singing.小鳥在歌唱,一定是天亮了。
5.now that
意為“既然”,與since同義,但更突出事實本身。
Now that you’ve got a chance,you might as well make full use of it.
既然你有了機會,你要充分利用它。
Now that everyone is here,let’s begin our meeting.既然大家都來了,我們就開始開會吧。
【小結4】常見的地點狀語從句的引導詞有:(www.qkfawen.com)where(在……地方; 那里),wherever(無論哪里)引導。
You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.
你應當養(yǎng)成慣例,將東西放在你能找到的地方。
Sit wherever you like.請隨便坐。
Wherever you go,you must remember you are a Chinese.無論走到哪里,都要記住自己是中國人。
【小結5】常見的讓步狀語從句的引導詞有:though,although,as,even if (though),however,whatever,whoever,whenever,no matter +wh詞等。
1.even if,even though,although,though引導的讓步狀語從句
這四個詞(詞組)都有“雖然、即使、盡管”的意思。even if和even though帶有較強的意味,語氣比although和though強。though不如although正式,都不能和but連用,但可以和yet,still或nevertheless連用。
Although he is considered a great writer,his works are not widely read.
雖然有人認為他是一個大作家,但是他的作品讀得并不廣泛。
We won’t give up even if we should fail ten times.即使失敗十次,我們也不會放棄。
2.as或though引導讓步狀語從句
形容詞+as/though+主語+動詞
副詞+as/though+主語+謂語
動詞+as/though+主語+情態(tài)動詞/助動詞
名詞+as/though+主語+動詞
1)由as或though引導讓步狀語從句往往會前置表語、謂語動詞原形及修飾動詞的副詞
Much as I admire his courage,I don’t think he acted wisely.
我雖然佩服他的勇氣,但是我認為他這樣做是不明智的。
Young man as he is,he has made great achievements in the field of IT.
盡管他很年輕,卻在IT領域取得很大成就。
Try as I might,I couldn’t lift the stone.我使多大勁兒也搬不動這塊石頭。
2)如果表語為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,這個名詞不帶冠詞
Child as he is,he knows a lot.雖然他還是個孩子,卻懂的很多。
3.由no matter+wh詞和由疑問詞+ever引導讓步狀語從句
由no matter引導,表示“不管,無論”;由疑問詞+ever引導,表示“不管,不論”。這類詞有:whatever,whichever,whoever,however,whenever,wherever等,它們相當于no matter+ what(which,who,how,when,where),都不能與but,so,and等并列連詞同時使用。
We’ll have to finish the job,however(no matter how) long it takes.不管需要多長時間,我們都一定要完成這項工作。
No matter what(Whatever) you do,don’t tell him that I told you this.無論你做什么,別告訴他我對你說過這件事。
No matter where (Wherever) you go,I would keep you company.不管你到哪去,我都會陪著你。
4.由whether…or引導讓步狀語從句
由whether…or引導讓步狀語從句表示“不論……還是”,提供兩種對比的情況。
I shall go,whether you come with me or stay at home.
不論你和我一起來還是留在家中,我都要前往。
【小結6】方式狀語從句一般由as(正如;按照),as if/as though(好像)等引導。
When in Rome,do as the Romans do.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
You must do everything as I do.你們要照我這樣去做。
注意:As if/as though 引導方式狀語從句時,從句的語氣如果符合真實情況,則用陳述語氣,如果與真實情況不符,則用虛擬語氣,從句謂語時態(tài)在原來的基礎上退后一步。例如:
He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.他走得很慢,好像腿受了傷。
She speaks English as if she were a native speaker.她講英語儼然像專家。
【小結7】常見的結果狀語從句的引導詞有:so…that,such…that,so that…等。例如:
He worked hard so that he passed the exam.他學習很努力,結果通過了考試。
The film was so wonderful that we wanted to see it again.電影很精彩使我們還想看一次。
He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep.
他講了那么長時間,人們開始打起瞌睡了。
注意:so…that與such…that的區(qū)別
這兩種結構都可引導結果狀語從句。so是副詞,后接形容詞或副詞;such是形容詞,后接名詞。
。1)單數(shù)名詞
在so…that與such…that中間出現(xiàn)的是單數(shù)名詞,且該名詞前有形容詞修飾時,這兩種結構可互換,但要注意它們的詞序不同:such+a/an+形容詞十名詞=so+形容詞+a/an+名詞。
She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.=She is so good a teacher that all of us love her。
她是一位很好的老師,我們都敬愛她。
。2)不可數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
如果被修飾的是不可數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時,一般須用such…that。但如果不可數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有many,much,little,few修飾時,則用so…that。
He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.
他進步很快,不久就開始用英語寫文章。
They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.
這些書是那么有趣使我們都想讀一讀。
I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤,全身青一塊紫一塊的。
George had so little money that he had to get a job.喬治沒有錢,所以他不得不找工作干。
【小結8】常見的目的狀語從句的引導詞有:so that…,in order that…等。從句中的謂語動詞前常有情態(tài)動詞may,might,can,could,will,would等。
John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
約翰把其他人關在廚房外,目的是能夠為晚會烹飪出人意料的東西。
These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.
這些人甘冒生命危險,是為了讓我們活得更安全些。
Drive carefully so that everyone can enjoy a long life.開車小心點,讓大家多活幾年。
注意:
in order that引導的狀語從句可以放在句首與句尾,而so that 引導的只能放在句尾。
【小結9】比較狀語從句一般由as…as(和……一樣),not as/so…as(與……不一樣),than(比)引導。
The director gave me a better offer than he gave Dick.導師給我的提議比給狄克的好。
John plays football as well as,if not better than,David.
如果說約翰的足球踢得不比大衛(wèi)好,至少和他踢得一樣好。
時態(tài)特點
一般情況下,時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用“一般現(xiàn)在時”表示“一般將來時”,用“現(xiàn)在完成時”表示“將來完成時”。例如:
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就將給你打電話。
。ㄟ@是由as soon as引導的時間狀語從句,從句中的謂語動詞arrive是一般現(xiàn)在時,表示一般將來時,絕不可用will arrive)
As soon as I have finished this work, I will have gone home.我一完成這項工作,就會回家。
。◤木渲械闹^語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時have finished,表示將來完成時,絕不可用will have finished)
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回來了,請通知我。
。◤木渲械闹^語動詞用comes back,表示一般將來時,絕不可用will come back)
從句通常結構:主 do sth.\do sb.(條件)+ V.\結果
講解練習
狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。通常由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞和從句等擔當。例如:
1. Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call.(副詞)
當然,我們的祖父母樂于接到我們的電話。
2. We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset.(介詞狀短語)
我們工作得很努力,從日出到日落。
3. To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day.(不定式)
為了幫助我殘疾的阿姨,我每天花一小時在她的房子里工作。
4. Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted.(過去分詞)
從遠處看,農舍顯得空蕩蕩。
5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before.(原因狀語從句)
我知道如何點燃篝火,因為我曾經做過。
狀語的位置比較靈活,可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作狀語修飾形容詞和副詞時必須后置。
相關例句
一、時間狀語從句
常用引導詞:when(在…時), as(當…時), while(在…期間), before(在…之前), after(在...之后), since(自從...以來) , not...until(直到…才)until/till(直到…時)等
特殊引導詞:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant( 瞬間,頃刻), immediately , directly(不久,立即), no sooner … than(一...就...), hardly …when(剛一...就...) , scarcely … when(剛...就.../一...就...),as soon as(一…就…)。
當用no sooner … than,hardly …when,scarcely … when作為引導詞的時候,從句要部分倒裝。
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
直到我成為了一個成年人我才意識到我的母親是多么的特殊。
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
當約翰看電視時,他的妻子正在做飯。
The children ran away from the orchard(果園), the moment they saw the guard.
孩子們一看到守衛(wèi)就逃出了果園。
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
我一到家就開始下雨了。
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
每當我聽取你的建議時,我就會惹上麻煩。
二、地點狀語從句
常用引導詞:where
特殊引導詞:wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
一般來說,有工廠的地方空氣污染就嚴重。
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
無論你去哪里,你都應該努力工作。
地點狀語從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導,已經形成了固定的句型,例如:
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.
在沒有雨水的地方,耕作是困難的或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.
他們都是好人。因此他們走到哪里都受到熱烈歡迎。
You should have put the book where you found it.
你應該把書放回原來的地方。
Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.
哪里有了中國共產黨,哪里的人民就得解放。
三、原因狀語從句
常用引導詞:because, since, as,
特殊引導詞:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
我的朋友都不喜歡我,因為我又英俊又成功。
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
既然每個人都到了,讓我們開始我們的會議吧。
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
更高的收入稅是有害的,因為它或許會阻礙人們努力賺錢。
四、目的狀語從句
常用引導詞:so that, in order that
特殊引導詞:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose of , to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
老板要求秘書快寫函件以便他能在上面簽字。
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
為了讓后面的學生聽得更清楚,老師有意地提高了他的聲音。
五、結果狀語從句
常用引導詞:so … that, such … that, so that...
特殊引導詞:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
他很早起床以便趕上第一班公共汽車
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
這是一個好機會,千萬不能錯過它
To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
他激動到這個程度,以至于他昨晚睡不著
This news is exciting, so that he jumped up.
這個消息太令人激動了,以至于他跳了起來
六、條件狀語從句
常用引導詞:if, unless,whether(whether...or not)
特殊引導詞:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case(美語中表條件,英語中表目的), on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
如果總統(tǒng)同意,我們將開始我們的項目
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
只要你繼續(xù)努力,你一定會成功的。
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
如果沒有人反對,我們就在這里開會。
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.
有海就有海員。
七、讓步狀語從句
常用引導詞:though, although, even if, even though
特殊引導詞: as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
盡管我很尊敬他, 但是我卻不同意他的建議。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
老人都很喜歡游泳,即使天氣很惡劣。
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
不論他如何努力,她都不會改變她的主意。
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
他不會聽你說什么。
八、比較狀語從句
常用引導詞:as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)
特殊引導詞:the more … the more …(越來...越...) ; just as …, so…; A is to B what/as X is to Y; no … more than; not so much A as B,the 比較級 ,the 比較級.
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
她和她媽媽一樣脾氣很壞。
The house is three times as big as ours.
這房子是我們的三倍大。
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
你運動的越多,你就越健康。
Oil is to machine what food is to men.
油之于機器,猶如食物于之人。
九、方式狀語從句
常用引導詞:as, as if
特殊引導詞:the way
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入國問禁,入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
She behaved as if she was the boss.
她表現(xiàn)得好像她是老板。
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
有時,我們用父母教導我們的方式教導我們的孩子。
十、狀語從句的省略
狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件:①主句和從句的主語一致,或從句主語為it;②從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞?墒÷浴@纾
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
當博物館完成,該博物館將于明年向公眾開放。
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
如果可能,他將去海邊度假的話
另外,比較狀語從句經常省略。例如:
I’m taller than him (he is tall ).
我比他高
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
溫度越高,氣壓越大
就狀語從句而言,有時為了使語言言簡意賅,常常將狀語從句進行"簡化"。狀語從句的"簡化"現(xiàn)象在口語中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復現(xiàn)率也較高。因此,有必要對其進行全面、透徹的了解。
狀語從句的"簡化"現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:①由if, unless等引導的條件狀語從句;②由although, though, even if / though等引導的讓步狀語從句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導的時間狀語從句;④由as, as if等引導的方式狀語從句;⑤由as, than等引導的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。
(1)當狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動詞是be時,it和be要完全簡化掉。例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
如果可能的話,他會幫你擺脫困境。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you。
除非情況對你來說不方便,否則你必須出席這次會議。
(2)當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:
連詞+形容詞
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.
他小時候就學會了騎自行車。
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.
她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.
少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。
連詞+名詞
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.
他在孩子時代就樂于助人。
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.
盡管他曾是個農民,但現(xiàn)在他是位著名的導演了。
連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.
她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
盡管近來他一直在學數(shù)學,但他仍然沒有取得好成績。
連詞+過去分詞
He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited.
除非受到邀請,否則他不會和我們一道去那里。
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected
.這場音樂會出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
連詞+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.
當時他站起來好像要說什么。
He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.
即使他來負責,他也解決不了這個問題。
連詞+介詞短語
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.
她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.
他到美國之前就懂英語了。
注意:當從句主語和主句主語不一致時,從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨立主格結構來表達。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.
當會議結束時,人們都走出了會議室。(=The meeting over)
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