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初中英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)１７—２４單元語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)歸納
[作者] 袁茂軍
[內(nèi)容]
1.Last week, a group of class 3 students delided to go tothe museum...
decide to do sth."決定做某事"之意，相當(dāng)于make up one'smind to do
sth.如：
He made up his mind (decided) to work hard at English.
decide 作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后常接介詞。如：
decide against doing so 決定不這樣干
decider決定者；decision決定（名詞）
2.glass-topped tables
這是由"名詞／形容詞／數(shù)詞＋名詞＋ed"構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，可作前置定
語(yǔ)。其間加上連字符。如：
a warm/kind-hearted man 好心人
a three-legged table 三條腿的桌子
a honey-mouthed fellow 甜言蜜語(yǔ)的家伙
3.Some of the things were hundreds of years old.
hundred, thousand, million和billion等數(shù)詞在習(xí)慣表達(dá)式中，可不表
具體數(shù)目，相當(dāng)于普通名詞，有復(fù) 數(shù)形式。另外，數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式還可用于表示
不很精確的年齡、年代和其他表達(dá)式中。如：
The man is in his thirties.
The old teacher joined the Party in his late fifties.
Things are at sixes and sevens.（事情亂七八糟。）
4.break down
①"損壞，發(fā)生故障"之意。如：
The car broke down on the way.
②"拆開(kāi)、拆散"之意。如：
John broke down the washing machine.
③"（身體）垮了"之意。如：
His health broke down.
5.The ground must be just right....
just right "正好合適"，此處"right"是形容詞，意為"正好的"、"合
適的"。如：
This pair of new shoes is just right for me.
Which is the right way to London?
6.as often as possible
表示"盡可能多的次數(shù)"，as...as possible （盡量），"as...as"中接
形容詞或副詞原形。 此處"p ossible"相當(dāng)于"sb. can"。如：
I'll come back as soon as possible (as soon as I can).
Be as kind to her as possible (you can).
7.surprise
in (with) surprise."驚奇地"用作狀語(yǔ)。
to one's surprise"使……吃驚的是"。
be surprised "感到吃驚"， surprise 還可有下列表達(dá)形式：be
surprised ＋to do sth, be
surprised ＋that 從句， besurprised ＋at sth.
8.The Great Green wall will stop the wind from blowingthe earth away.
stop sb.(sth.) from doing sth."阻止……做某事"。如：
She stopped the child from listening
注意stop...from與stop doing和stop to do的區(qū)別。
stop doing sth.意為"停止（中止）做某事"，與"not. . . dosth. any
more"同義；而stop to do為 "停下來(lái)去做某事"。
9.The more, the better
意思是"越多越好"，the ＋比較級(jí)，the ＋比較級(jí)，這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示二者程
度同步增長(zhǎng)，即"越……就越 "，此處the 應(yīng)理解為副詞，不是定冠詞。如：
The busier l am, the happier l feel.我越忙越高興。
10.It says here, on this card, that.... (L66)
此處say意為"寫(xiě)道"、"報(bào)道"，如：the radio says. . . thenewspaper
says....；而"They say t hat there are...(L94)"， "people say that by
the year 2010, ( L78) "中， 相當(dāng)于"It issaid t hat...""據(jù)說(shuō)……"
之意。
11.A young man named John had just left school for thelast time.
在這里，"name"是動(dòng)詞，"名叫"的意思，過(guò)去分詞，作后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)
于call, 即a young man call ed John。
12.The two friends were very pleased to see each otheragain.
be pleased to do sth.很高興做某事
pleased 是形容詞，意為"高興的"、"滿意的"。如：
He must be pleased at the news.
please 是動(dòng)詞，有"使高興"、"使中意"之意。如：
The pictures pleased the people.
pleasure 是名詞，with pleasure "愉快地"、"高興地"。 而It's a
pleasure.是回答別人表示感謝 的一句客氣用語(yǔ)，意為"別客氣"。
13.Soon they were very busy talking.
be busy doing sth.或be busy with sth.句式， 表示"忙于（做）某事"。
如：She is busy (in) doi ng the housework. 或She isbusy with the housework.
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busy 另有"（電話）占線的"之意。如：
The line is busy.
14."Pardon?" he said.
他說(shuō)："對(duì)不起，請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一遍。"還可以說(shuō)"Beg your pardon?"或"I bed
your pardon.＠①"但如 果說(shuō)，"I beg your pardon.＠②"則意為"請(qǐng)?jiān)彛?/p>
（對(duì)不起）"。還可用于要與他人交談，或要針對(duì)他人 的意思陳述自己的意見(jiàn)
時(shí)。
另外，pardon 和excuse 都含有"原諒"的意思。但pardon可側(cè)重"寬恕、
饒恕"之意。如原諒過(guò)失， 罪惡或嚴(yán)重的冒犯等。如：
I pardon you for this time.
而excuse 是原諒小的過(guò)失或疏忽等。如：
Excuse me for coming late.
15.moment
moment意為"片刻、瞬間"的意思。at the moment 意為"此刻"，用于
現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，也可用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 at that moment，意為"當(dāng)時(shí)"，用于過(guò)去時(shí)
態(tài)。
in a moment"立刻、立即"之意。
for a moment＝for a short time 意為"一會(huì)兒"， 而for themoment意
為"暫時(shí)，目前"。Just a m oment, please!請(qǐng)稍等片刻！這通常是旅館、飯
店、商店等地工作人員對(duì)顧客的禮貌用語(yǔ)。
16.be worn out
該詞組為"穿壞、穿破"之意。如：My shoes are worn out.
有時(shí)也用來(lái)表示某事物枯竭、耗盡。如：
Cheap shoes are soon worn out.便宜的鞋子不耐穿。
His patience was at last worn out.他最后終于忍耐不住了。
另外，wear是"穿著"的一種狀態(tài)；put on 指"穿戴"這一動(dòng)作；dress
作及物動(dòng)詞用，意為"給……穿 衣"時(shí)，只能以人作賓語(yǔ)， 不能象wear, put
on 那樣用衣服、鞋、帽等作賓語(yǔ)；be dressed in 表示"穿著 （衣服）"。
17.at the doctor's
"在醫(yī)生的診所"之意，后面省略了名詞"office"等表示建筑物的名詞，
如house, shop, home, hospi tal, office, hotel（旅館），restaurant（飯
店），church（教堂），theatre （劇院）， college（大學(xué) ）這些詞被所有格修
飾時(shí)，可以省略。如：
I'll go to my sister's (house).
at the bookseller's＝at the bookseller's shop
18. You'd better stay in bed till tomorrow.
till與until同義，口語(yǔ)中多用till，二者均可作介詞和連詞。 用于肯定
句時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)的 ，即延續(xù)到till或until 所表示的時(shí)間或動(dòng)
作結(jié)束為止。如：
I waited until (till) the rain stopped.
用于否定句時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞一般用非延續(xù)性的。但用于肯定句時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞
是延續(xù)性的或非延續(xù)性的都可 以。 即它所表示的動(dòng)作直到until 或 till所表
示的時(shí)間或動(dòng)作結(jié)束后才發(fā)生， 有"直到……才……"之 意（not...until）
如：
They didn't go to the classroom until ( till) the bellrang.
另外，介詞until (till)"直到……為止"表示繼續(xù)，而介詞by"在……
以前"表示終了。試比較：
I'll be home till six.六點(diǎn)鐘前我都會(huì)在家。
I'll be home by six.我六點(diǎn)鐘前會(huì)回到家。
19.what's the trouble?
"trouble"一詞有"毛病"、"故障"之意。如：
What's the trouble with you?或What's your trouble?（你怎么啦？）
類似的句式還有：
What's wrong with you?
What's the matter with you?
What happens to you?
又如：What's wrong/the matter/the trouble with themachine?或What
happens to the mach ine?
20.take one's temperature
意為"為……量體溫"，take有"量、記錄、寫(xiě)下、照（相）"等意思。
如：
The teacher took your name and address.
take a photo照像
而take this medicine（吃這種藥），take 有"吃、喝、 吸（入）"的意
思。如：
Go out to take the air.出去呼吸一下新鮮空氣。
Do you take tea or coffee?你喝茶還是喝咖啡。
另外，I'll take this new dress, take＝have. 為"買下"之意。
21.His temperature seems to be all right.
seem 可作系動(dòng)詞，可接不定式、名詞或形容詞作表語(yǔ)，“似乎、好象”之意。
如：
But he seemed rather tired last night.
He seems a very clever boy.
還可用于"It seems ＋that從句"，注意seem （ed）和它所接的從句時(shí)
態(tài)關(guān)系。如：
He seems to be angry＝It seems that he is angry.
He seemed to be angry at that moment.＝It seemed that hewas angry at
that moment.
22.I'm sure of that!
"be sure of (doing) sth.""be sure to do sth. "與"besure＋that
從句"有時(shí)可表達(dá)同一個(gè)意 思。如：
I'm sure of passing the exam.＝I'm sure to pass the exam.＝I'm sure
that I will pass the exa m.
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但be sure of doing表示主語(yǔ)"自信會(huì)"、"有把握"、"有信心"，通
常主語(yǔ)只是人；而be sure to d o 指"一定會(huì)"、"肯定會(huì)"、"必然會(huì)"。
be sure的主語(yǔ)只能是人，而不能用物， 表說(shuō)話者在主觀上的推 斷。
另外，make sure為"查明"、"弄確實(shí)"、"弄清楚"的意思。有make sure
of sth, make sure＋that 從句及make sure to do sth.等結(jié)構(gòu)。
23.I don't feel like eating.
feel like doing sth.意思是"想做某事"。相當(dāng)于want to dosth.如：
I don't feel like running today. 即I don't want to runtoday.
24.It's a long time since we met last.
"It is＋一段時(shí)間＋since＋過(guò)去時(shí)"表示"自從……以來(lái)已過(guò)了……（時(shí)
間）"，此結(jié)構(gòu)可說(shuō)成"It h as been＋一段時(shí)間＋since＋過(guò)去時(shí)"，同理"It
was＋一段時(shí)間＋since＋過(guò)去完成時(shí)"， 意即"Ithad be en＋一段時(shí)間＋since
＋過(guò)去完成時(shí)"。如：
It is two months since we met last. 或It has been twomonths since
we met last.也可轉(zhuǎn)換為 ：
Two months has passed since we met last.
25.Wei Hua may be on the team.
be on the team表"在運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)中"即be a player of the team。
介詞on 表"在……中"，引起介詞短語(yǔ)，表示經(jīng)過(guò)、處境、 狀態(tài)等。如：
on duty, on a holiday, on sale
The house is on fire (is burning).
The bad man is on the run (is running).
26.Keep passing the ball to each other, and you'll be OK.
keep doing sth.表"一直做某事"，與keep on doing sth. 可互換。但
前者有時(shí)可強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)的繼續(xù)。后 者表示動(dòng)作與動(dòng)作間有一定的間隔，有時(shí)可表
示不顧反對(duì)或困難而堅(jiān)持做，有加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的意味。
另外，keep sb. from doing sth.如同stop sb. from doing sth.（阻止
某人做某事）。
而keep...away from... 指"阻止某人或某物前去或接近……"如：
Shall I keep him away from school?
Keep the children away from the stove（爐子）.
27.It was a draw when we played against them last time.
名詞draw在該句中意為"平局，不分勝負(fù)"，尤指運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽中。名詞win 指
"勝利、成功"，defeat指" 失利、失敗"。如：
3 wins and 2 defeats三勝二負(fù)
Our team has had five wins and two draws this year. 今年我們隊(duì)贏了
五次，打平兩次。
28.We did as he told us and we won the first place in theleague at
last.
句中"as"是連詞，意為"依照、按照、正如、像……那樣的"，引導(dǎo)方式
狀語(yǔ)從句。如：
The teacher told the students to do as he did.
Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to?
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