“It”典型句型例釋

“It”典型句型例釋 孔祥發(fā)王愛萍 11月7日  “It”句型一直是近幾年NMET命題的熱點，同時也是日常教與學(xué)的重點和難點。在教材和練習(xí)中頻頻出現(xiàn)，由于其繁雜多變，尤其是一些近似句型的辨析，常使同學(xué)們望而卻步。筆者在平時的教學(xué)中，注意收集這樣的句子，現(xiàn)將這些句子分類整理并作一簡析，希望能對同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。  1．①It is 3 years ________ he joined the army.  ②It will be 3 years ________ we meet again.  ③Tom told me that it was 3 years ________ he had left school.?  A.before  B.after?  C.since  D.when  析：①C，②A，③C。做這類題目應(yīng)從時態(tài)入手。句①是一個主從復(fù)合句，該句型常是：It+is（has been）+some time+since sb.did sth.主句用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時，而從句則用一般過去時。句②為It will be （was）+some time before sb.does（did） sth.“多久某人干…”。主句要用一般將來時或一般過去時，before引導(dǎo)的從句則用對應(yīng)的 一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。又如：  It wasn’t long before we met again.  不久我們又見面了。  句③與句①是同一句型，只不過該句型出現(xiàn)在told引導(dǎo)的賓語從句之中了，故用了was和 had left 的形式。?  2.①________ is well?known to us all that the earth is round.  ②________ is well?known to us all,the earth is round.  A.That  B.As?  C.It  D.Which?  析：①C，②B。句①中it是形式主語，真正的主語是從句“that the earth is round ”。句②中as引導(dǎo)一非限制性定語從句，代替后面整句內(nèi)容，置于句首。  3.①Was it the house ________ Abraham Lincoln was born?  ②Was it in the house ________ Abraham Lincoln was born?  A.that  B.where  C.which  D.both A and B  析：①B，②A。句①的先行詞是the house,后面為一個定語從句，所以可填where或in which。句②為強調(diào)句型。判斷一個句子是否是強調(diào)句型，先把it is…that…這一結(jié)構(gòu)拋開，看其余部分能否構(gòu)成一個完整的句子。那么，句①還原為Abraham Lincoln was born the house.the house之前缺少介詞in，故不為強調(diào)句了。句②則相符，故選that。  4.①It’s very kind ________ you to help us.  ②It’s very important ________ us to keep the balance of nature.  A.for  B.of  C.to  D.with  析：①B，②A。在句①中，常見的形容詞有kind,good,nice,foolish,stupid,wrong,clever 等。他們用來修飾人，表示人物的品質(zhì)或性格特征。句①可變?yōu)閅ou’re very kind to help us.所以選B。而句②則不可，因其形容詞只能修飾后面的不定式，故用for。?  5.①________ no wonder that he has passed the exam.  ②________ no need for you to wait here.  A.There being  B.It was?  C.It is  D.There is  析：①C，②D。句①為“無怪…”之意，it為形式主語，that從句為真正主語，該句型還常以No wonder…，Small wonder…或Little wonder…等省略形式出現(xiàn)。又如：No wonder he was punished by his father。句②為固定句型，多為否定句或疑問句。又如：Is there any need to explain further?有必要更進一步說明嗎??  6.①It is strange that he ________ the work in 3 days.  ②It is possible that he ________ the work in 3 days.  A.can finish  B.is finishing  C.should finish  D.finish?  析：①C，②A。在it is necessary（important,strange,natural）等結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中，其后的主語從句用虛擬語氣，結(jié)構(gòu)為“should+動詞原形”。  7.①It is （high） time that we ________ to school.  ②It is the second time that we ________ to Beijing.  A.go  B.went?  C.have been  D.have gone?  析：①B，②C。句①為It is （high）time 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“過去式或should+動詞原形”，should不可省略。句②的先行詞time由序數(shù)詞修飾，從句要用完成時態(tài)，且時態(tài)要和主句保持一致。又如：?  It （This/That）was the third time that he had been invited to our school.  It’ll be the fourth time that he’ll have been there.  8.①________ doesn’t matter much whether he’ll come to the party.  ②I feel ________ an honour to be invited to speak here.  A.this（This）  B.it（It）  C.that（That）  D.what（What）  析：①B，②B。在句①和句②中it分別作形式主語和形式賓語，故不能用this或that代替。?  9.①It’s no good ________ such a thing.  ②It’s of no importance ________ such a thing.  A.do  B.to do  C.doing  D.done?  析：①C，②B。句①常用doing作真正的主語，故選C。類似句型還有It’s no use （useless）crying over the spilt milk.句②則只能用不定式作真正主語。再如It’s important/helpful/good/necessary/possible/right/  wrong+to do…。  10.①It is hoped that you ________ there on time.  ?②It is advised that you ________ there on time.  A.arrive  B.should arrive  C.will arrive  D.both A and B?  析：①C，②D。句①是it作形式主語，that從句作真正的主語。主從句時態(tài)一致是解題的關(guān)鍵。類似句型有：It’s said/believed/hoped/expected/reported/announced/whispered that…等等。做這類題目時，還應(yīng)注意其轉(zhuǎn)變題型。例如：  （NMET’99） Robert is said ________ abroad,but I don’t know what country he studied in.  A.to have studied  B.to study  C.to be studying  D.to have been studying  如果把首句變?yōu)镮t is said that Robert ________,再結(jié)合后面的“studied”便可輕易得出答案A。?  句②It is advised that…=sb.advises that,所以仍需用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞為should do或do的形式。類似的句型還有It is insisted/ordered/suggested/demanded/required /requested that…等等。      

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