英語(yǔ)條件從句的幾種特殊表達(dá)法

    （寧縣早勝中學(xué) 李俊義）
    虛擬語(yǔ)氣是高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，又是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子中，條件從句的表示方法較多 ，通常用if來(lái)引導(dǎo)，如If Iwere you,I would study much harder，在有些情況下，條件從句也可用其他方法 來(lái)表示。下面談幾種條件從句的特殊表達(dá)法。
    一、混合虛擬條件句
    如果條件從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的 時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。這種句子叫做混合虛擬條件句。如：
    If he had followed my advice,he would be quite all rightnow.（從句述說(shuō)過(guò)去，主句述說(shuō)現(xiàn)在）
    If China had not been liberated,the working people wouldstill be leading a miserable life.（ 從句表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，主句說(shuō)明與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反）
    二、省略if的倒裝條件句
    如果條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含有were或助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞had,should,could，有時(shí)可將連詞if省去，而將 條件從句的主語(yǔ)置于were,had,should,could之后。這種用法主要用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，如：
    Were I(=If I were)in your place,I wouldn't give it up soearly.
    Had I(=if I had)known,I might have joined you in thediscussion.
    Should you(=If you should)be interested,I have a book onthe subject you might like.
    三、省略主句，只保留if(only)的條件句
    虛擬條件句中的表示結(jié)果的主句有時(shí)形式上可以省略，但意義仍然存在。這種句子只保留一個(gè)if(only)條 件從句，表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的強(qiáng)烈愿望。如：If(only)she were my sister！她是我的妹妹就好了！
    四、含蓄虛擬條件句
    有時(shí)虛擬條件句不用條件從句，而是通過(guò)上下文或用介詞短語(yǔ)等表示出來(lái)。這種句子叫做含蓄虛擬條件句 。下面列舉幾種。
    1.在主語(yǔ)詞組中表示含蓄條件
    (1)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，表示含蓄條件。
    It would be good to leave the matter in his charge.如果把這件事讓他負(fù)責(zé)就好了。
    該句可改寫(xiě)成：It would be good if we could leave thematter in his charge.
    (2)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)表示含蓄條件。
    Doing the work in that way would have cost much more timeand money.如果用那種方法做這項(xiàng)工作就 會(huì)耗費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間和金錢。
    該句可改寫(xiě)為：If we had done the work in that way,it wouldhave cost much more time and money .
    (3)主語(yǔ)中帶有定語(yǔ)從句表示含蓄條件。
    A man who is always thinking of others would not have donesuch a thing.如果一個(gè)人總為別人著想 ，他就不會(huì)做出這種事情來(lái)。
    (4)主語(yǔ)中含有作定語(yǔ)的分詞或形容詞表示含蓄條件。
    Anyone being his position would have made no reply.任何人處在他那個(gè)位置，都不會(huì)回答的。
    該句可改寫(xiě)為：If anyone had been in his position he wouldhave made no reply.
    A less complicated problem would have easily been solved.如果問(wèn)題不是很復(fù)雜的話，那么就很容易 解決了。
    該句可改寫(xiě)為：If the problem had been less complicated,it would have easily been solved.
    2.用介詞短語(yǔ)表示含蓄條件
    We could have done better under more favourableconditions.
    如果在更好的條件下，我們會(huì)干得更好。
    此句可改寫(xiě)為：If the conditions had been more favourable, we could have done better.
    This change could not have taken place without a solid industrial foundation.
    如果沒(méi)有堅(jiān)定的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)，發(fā)生這樣的變化是不可能的。
    此句可改寫(xiě)為：If it had been without a solid industrial foundation,this ch

ange could not hav e taken place.

  

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