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動(dòng)詞have在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中的用法
(蘭州三十四中學(xué) 石玉蘭)一、have作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞。
1.表示“有”的意思。
Look,I have wings,just like you.(JBⅤL1)
He had fair hair and blue eyes.(JBⅥL2)
〔注1〕:其否定和疑問(wèn)形式變化,在美國(guó)通常用助動(dòng)詞do。
〔注2〕:在英國(guó)口語(yǔ)中常用have got代替have.
Look,can't you see I've got teeth,too,(JBⅤL1)
I haven't got any jewelry.(SBⅠL5)
2.have和一些其他名詞連用,表示:
(1)一種活動(dòng)。
We have no classes on Sunday.(上課)(JBⅡL11)
They're going to have a volleyball match.(舉行比賽)(JBⅢL11)
Are we going to have a meeting this week?(開(kāi)會(huì))(JBⅢL11)
We are going to have a talk this afternoon.(聽(tīng)報(bào)告)(JBⅢL11)
(2)患病。
I have got a headache.(JBⅣL8)
I have a bad cold.(JBⅤL3)
(3)發(fā)生的情況。
I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.(跌跤)(JBⅣL10)
(4)生育。
The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in onesummer.(SBⅠL14)
3.和一與動(dòng)詞同形的名詞連用,表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作(have+a+由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化和名詞)。
Are you going to have a swim.(JBⅢL1)
I have a long talk with the teacher.(JBⅣL10)
4.have on sth或have sth on,表示“穿著”、“戴著”(=to bewearing)。
I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.(SBⅡL6)
At the ball Mathilde had a diamond necklace on.
5.表示“吃”、“喝”。
I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.(JBⅢL10)
Does she have lunch at home?(JBⅡL11)
6.組成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)即“have+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”。
(1)不加to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb do sth),表示讓、叫某人做某事。
The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(SBⅠL17)
〔注〕:否定結(jié)構(gòu)表示“不能讓…”或“從未有人…”.
We won't have you blame it on others.
She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb(sth)doing),表示讓?zhuān)ㄊ梗┠橙俗瞿呈隆?
…the two men had their lights burning all night long….
(3)過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb (sth)done),表示:
①使(讓?zhuān)?qǐng))別人作某事,表示的動(dòng)作是別人做的。
Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.(SBⅠL10)
…h(huán)e should have new clothes made of this splendid clothfor the coming great procession.(SBⅠ L8)
②遭遇到某事。
Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken.(SBⅠL12)
Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.(SBⅠL12)
二、have與to一起構(gòu)成情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示“不
得不”、“必
須”,可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
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