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Unit 14 Mainly revision
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
教學(xué)目標(biāo)與要求
通過本單元教學(xué)，全面復(fù)習(xí)本冊書所列出的重點(diǎn)日常交際用語項(xiàng)目，如：命令與要求、提出建議與忠告、表示個人看法等。全面復(fù)習(xí)本冊書中所列出的重點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目，如：定語從句、直接引語和間接引語、被動請態(tài)、過去完成時和動詞不定式作主語等用法。
教學(xué)要點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)
1．日常交際用語
(1) Can I ask you for some advice?
(2) What can you suggest?
(3)I suggest you (should) ask. . .
(4) I've got an idea.
(5)Why not do...?
(6)Why don't you do. . . ?
(7)That is why. . .
(8)I thought that. . .
2．單詞
recently, weigh, measure, lovely, cousin, secret, invite, reply, illness, pattern, actor, junior
3．詞組
ask sb. for advice, be tired of, be fun, make fun of, tell lies, laugh at, used to, keep quiet, worry about, consider doing, because of, a place of interest, reply to
4．語法
過去將來時的用法
教學(xué)建議
本單元建議
1．本單元的內(nèi)容非常貼近中學(xué)生生活�？删汀癋riendship”，“Telling Lies”等話題展開討論，在討論中學(xué)會如何表述心情、如何給予忠告等。
2．對重點(diǎn)句型做句子操練，如完成句子、翻譯等。特別注意動詞的用法。
3．在口頭操練的同時，注意引導(dǎo)學(xué)生使用正確的英語句型結(jié)構(gòu)，如：Why not do…；Why don't you do…等等。必要時做筆頭操練。
4．在學(xué)習(xí)過去將來時的時候，同時兼顧對過去完成時態(tài)的復(fù)習(xí)。
5．以給筆友寫一封信的方式訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的書信表達(dá)能力。
重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)講解
辨析be tired of , be tired with
短語be tired of 意思為“厭倦或厭煩……”
I’m tired of his complaints.我對他的抱怨很反感。
He was tired of sleeping with the windows open.他討厭開著窗戶睡覺。
be tired with表示“因……而感到疲倦或勞累”
He was tired with such a long walk,走了這么長的路他感到很累。
We were quite tired with so much homework.做了如此多的作業(yè)后我們相當(dāng)疲勞。
辨析lovely/ beautiful/pretty//handsome/good-looking
lovely吸引人的視、聽、嗅、觸四覺的，引起喜悅、贊賞的人或物，都可用lovely修飾，尤其指外貌，不包括四德。主要用于修飾女子外貌、天氣、景色等。如：
lovely hair/weather（秀發(fā)/好天氣）。
beautiful 對人而言，指最能給人帶來滿足的最高尚的和精神的美，包括精致、溫柔、愉快、可愛諸因素。形容人時，適合女性。
A beautiful girl /face /flower /picture /garden /place /voice /color/dress/weather等。
pretty意為“美麗的，漂亮的，可愛的”，指逗人喜歡的人或物的精致、優(yōu)雅、小巧、嬌嫩、雅致等屬性，有“女子氣”及“小巧俏皮”的含義，常修飾女性，不用于男性。
handsome意為“漂亮，英俊”，含勻稱、對稱、雅致、悅目、吸引人之意，尤指儀表堂堂，舉止文雅，具有男性氣質(zhì)。其美大半是修養(yǎng)和訓(xùn)練的結(jié)果，常用以修飾男性。
“good-looking” 特指外表容貌的美，多用于指男性。
辨析used to, be used to doing 與be used to do
used to后接動詞原形，表示“過去常常（做某事）”，而現(xiàn)在不再做；
He used to be a worker, but now he becomes the manager of the company.
be used to doing / sth. 表示“習(xí)慣于做某事”。
She has been used to living alone in the country.
be used to do為use（使用）的被動語態(tài)形式，表示“被用來做”；
The hammer is used to break nail into the wall.
辨析reply 和answer
這是一對近義詞，都有“回答”之意，但其用各有不同。
1）用作動詞，后面都可接that從句，兩者可以相通。如：
He answered/replied that he knew nothing about it.
他回答說對此事一無所知。
2）如果加間接賓語時，要用：
answer sb. that. . . /reply to sb that. . .
3）當(dāng)后面接名詞或代詞時，answer是及物動詞, reply為不及物動詞，是正式用語。如：
answer a question/reply to a question
answer a letter / reply to a letter
answer the door / doorbell / telephone
(不能說reply the door / doorbell / telephone)
4）作名詞時，兩者都可與介詞搭配；answer還有“答案”之意。如：
the answer / rely / key to the problem. make no answer / reply
課文講解
1．Well, I’ve recently started biology.我最近剛開始學(xué)生物。
Recently意為“近來，最近”多與現(xiàn)在時態(tài)連用。
He is not at home recently.他最近不在家。
How are you getting along recently?你近來過得還好吧？
2．You don’t need anything special.你不需要什么特別的東西。
用形容詞修飾不定代詞something, nothing, anything, somebody, anybody等時，這個形容詞通常放在這類不定代詞的后面。
Did you find anybody strange nearby? 你在附近看到過什么陌生人嗎？
Do you have anything more to say? 你（們）還有什么話要說嗎？
3．Then grow some tomatoes in one box,….然后在盒子里種上一些西紅柿
Then see which plants grow higher.
第一句中的grow是及物動詞，作“種植（花或莊稼）”解；第二句中的grow 是不及物動詞，作“生長，成長”
The young trees are growing well.這些小樹長得很好。（vi.）
We grew a lot of flowers this spring.今年春天我們種了許多花。（vt.）
此外，grow還可以作連系動詞，作“逐漸變得”，后面跟表語。
She is growing healthy.她的身體逐漸變好了。
4．However, I find it hard. 然而我發(fā)現(xiàn)交朋友很難。
句中的it 指上句的making new friends（交新朋友）。全句相當(dāng)于I find it hard to make new friends.由于it作形式賓語的用法還沒有出現(xiàn)過，此處暫不宜向?qū)W生解釋。
Find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)，覺得”，后面可以跟帶形容詞的復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）
I found him very funny.我現(xiàn)他很滑稽可笑。
你覺得這個問題難嗎？
5．This is secret, so please don’t tell anybody else.這是一個秘密，因此，請別告訴其它任何人。
句中anybody else=any other person(其它任何人) else是形容詞，作“別的，其它的”，常用somebody, something, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing等不定代詞連用，并置于不定代詞之后。如：
Do you want to see anybody else? 你還想見見別的人嗎？
I have bought lots of bread. I’d like to buy something else.我買了許多面包，我還想買點(diǎn)別的東西。
else還可以同what, who, when, where等疑問代詞或疑問副詞連用。
What else would you like to have? 你還想要點(diǎn)別的什么嗎？
過去將來時
1) 過去將來時的基本形式：
基本形式
例子
would+動詞原形
I thought I would make lots of new friends.
我曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為我會交上許多新朋友。
was/were + going to
I didn’t expect that I were to do the work by myself next week.我不希望下周自己做這個工作。
注意：would+動詞原形。would可用于任何人稱，這是美國英語的用法。在英國英語中，第一人稱用 should，第二、三人稱用 would。本教材采用美國英語的用法。此外，過去將來時還可以用“was/were + going to”來表示“原本打算干某事”的意思。另：be to do 不能用于人類不能控制的將發(fā)生的事情和動作；be about to do 不能和具體的時間連用。
2) 過去將來時的基本概念：
基本概念
例子
過去將來時表示對于過去某一時間而言將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。它是一種相應(yīng)的時態(tài)，總是同某一過去的時間或過去的動作相對應(yīng)而存在。
The teacher told us he would give us a little test. 老師跟我們講過，他將給我們來一次小測驗(yàn)。
He said he was going to start for Guangzhou next Monday. 他(曾經(jīng))說過他打算下星期身去廣州。
3）“would+動詞原形”還可表示過去的習(xí)慣動作，在這一點(diǎn)上同used to同義。 例如：
When we were children, we would/used to go swimming every summer. 我們小的時候， 每年夏天都去游泳。
4）一般過去時，（限某些動詞，表示按計(jì)劃或時刻要發(fā)生的事），也可表示過去將來時。
He wanted to be a scientist when he grew up.他長大了想當(dāng)科學(xué)家。
5）過去將來時也可用來表示“愿望”或“傾向”，用于否定句，可譯為“不會”，“不可能”等等。
We knew he would never permit such a thing.我們知道他絕不會允許發(fā)生此類事。
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案Lesson 53
Teaching Aims
1.To train the students' ability of listening and improve their oral English.
2.10 learn how to ask for or give advice and suggestions.
3. To learn to use the following useful words and expressions: recently suggest weigh be tired of consider doing something
4. To get the students to know how to ask for or give advice/suggestions in their daily life, for example , in writing letters.
Teaching procedures
Step I Lead-in
The teacher says the following sentences: I caught a cold yesterday and now I have a headache. What should I do? Collect advice/suggestions from the students. For example:
You’d better go to see a doctor.
I think you can take some medicine and have a good rest.
Step II Watch and listen
Tell the students that we're going to learn a dialogue between Jane and Zhou Lan. In the dialogue, Zhou Lan is giving Jane some advice. Please answer the questions.
What kind of experiment does Zhou Lan talk about?
Key: She talks about a tomato experiment.
What does Jane need to do the experiment?
Key: Jane needs the lab, plant food, some young tomatoes, two boxes, a ruler and some soil.
Step III Reading
Please read the dialogue again on page 53, then answer the questions.
1.Why does Jane ask Zhou Lan for advice?
2.Does Jane like biology? How do you know?
3.What is Jane’s problem?
4.What does Zhou Lan suggest?
Keys:
1)Because she wants to improve her biology.
2) She likes biology, because she says that she really enjoys it.
3)She is tired of too much reading on biology and she wants to improve, but she does not know how to do it.
4)Zhou Lan suggests that Jane ask Mr Wu. And she also suggests that Jane should do a tomato experiment.
Step IV Language points
1.recently adv. not long ago ,adj
2.weigh vt.& vi.measure how heavy sth.is n.
3.suggest vt.
suggest something doing
It is suggested that….(should)+ do
Suggest + what todo/that…(should )+v.
4.be tired of: no longer interested in
5.consider doing: think about; examine
Step V Exercise ( shown on the projector. )
Fill in the blanks.
Jane happened to meet Zhou Lan 1 the school library. She asked Zhou Lan to 2 her some advice 3 her biology. She said she 4 biology, but she was 5 of reading the biology book. Zhou Lan had an idea. She asked Jane to do a 6 experiment in the lab and gave her a lot of ideas on how to do the experiment. Finally, Jane 7 they 8 the experiment together. Zhou Lan 9 .
Step VI Oral practise
Allow the Ss several minutes to make up a similar dialogue giving advice. The following topics are for them to choose from.
1)A friend who doesn't like sports
2) How to learn English?
3) Which kind of computer to buy?
Step VII Summary
Giving advice/suggestions
1.Have you considered doing….?
2.I suggest(that )you do…
3.You’d better do….
4.Why not do…./Why don’t you do….?
5.Why not ask Mr Li for help?
Ask for advice/suggestions
1.What’s your opinion?
2.May/Can I….?
3.I need your help in…
Step VIII Homework
1. Recite the dialogue or make up a new one.
2. Finish the exercises in the Wb.
3. Preparation the next lesson.
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案Lesson54
Teaching Aims
1. Check the exercises.
2. Ask some Ss to recite the dialogue or make some sentences using what they have learnt.
3. Some exercises
Teaching Procedures
Step I. Lead-in
T: In our daily life, the letters play an important part. We can exchange information through the letters. People sometimes write letters to ask their good friends for advice. Now, I have two letters. One is from Ken; the other is from Yang Mei.
(Prepare two envelopes and write the two letters ahead of time. ) I also have two titles:
(1)Shall I tell...?
(2) How do I make friends?
(Write the titles on the blackboard. )
Who’d like to read them for us?
( Choose two Ss to read them. )
Which title is for Ken's letter and which is for Yang Mei’s?
(The first title is for Ken's letter and the second is for Yang Mei’s.)
Step II Fast-reading:
Read the letters quickly and make some notes for the following questions.
(1) Is Ken enjoying his new school? Why?
Key: No. Because the other students went to the same junior middle school, so they got along well with each other. They made fun of Ken. So he spent a lot of time alone. He found it hard to make friends with them. )
(2) Why doesn't Yang Mei want to spend her winter vacation with her cousin?
Key: They used to be very good friends. Recently she discovered that her cousin had started to tell lies. She told him that it was wrong to tell lies, but he just laughed at her. )
(3) What's Amy's advice for Ken?
Key: Don't worry about being short. Look for a special friend. Don't spend too much time alone. )
(4) And for Yang Mei?
Key: Have another talk with her cousin. Tell him the reason why she doesn't want to spend her vacation with him.
Step III. Detailed-reading
Read the answering letter again and find out the information of the following.
1) Which is the reply to Letter A and which is to Letter B?
Key: The one on Page 54 is the reply to Letter A; the other on Page 55 is the reply to Letter B.
2) How do you know about that? Say some key words.
Key: For A: new school, make fun of, short. For B; tell lies, spend your vacation. . .
3) Decide which is True and which is False.
a. Ken didn’t enjoy his new school at all because it was so small.
b. Ken asked Amy for advice on how to grow tall.
c. Yang Mei thought it wrong to tell lies.
d. Yang Mei loves her cousin so they were planning to spend part of the winter vacation together.
e. Amy's advice to Ken is that he should look for one special friend.
f. Amy told Yang Mei that she shouldn't ask her cousin home for the vacation.
Suggested answers: F F T F T T
Step IV Practice
用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
invite, do, keep, get, use, grow, ask, make, become, think
1. Today the Great Wall ____ a place of interest not only to the Chinese people, but also to the people from all over the world.
2. They thought it important ____ a secret.
3. Our teachers ____ he could pass the examinations last term.
4. Recently he ____ the suggestion that they should talk with each other in English.
5. I don t think we know him well enough ____ him for advice.
6. I asked how she ____ on with her work.
7. He ____ to eat rice, but now he has been used to eating steamed bread.
8. He came in without ____.
9. All the seeds she had dropped ____ into trees.
10. Are you going ____ a washing today?
Step V Oral practice
1. Make a dialogue between Amy and her mother using what they have learnt. Begin like this: A for Amy, M for mother.
M: Have you written back to. . . ?
A: Yes.
M: Did you give. . . some advice?
A: Yes.
M: What’s your advice for. . . ?
2. Ask the students to discuss the following topics in groups of four. Write down the main points. Then ask one of the four to show their own opinions.
1) What will you do if you have a friend who has begun to tell lies?
2) Do you think whether to be thin or fat is important to people especially to young ladies?
3) What can we learn from the lesson?
3. Make up a new dialogue using “I thought. . . , but it wasn't.”
For example:
A: Where did you go for the weekend?
B: Well, I was going to the shop, but in fact I went to the free market.
A: What was it like?
B: I thought it would be very busy and crowded, but in fact it was quiet.
Step VI Homework
1. Exercises in the Wb.
2. Read the passages repeatedly and then recite one of them.
3. Write a short passage using the words and expressions learnt in this unit.
Suggested model:
Li Hong told me that she was tired of her partner and she was considering changing the seats with others in a few days' time. Her partner had studied very well. She thought it was going to be fun for them to sit together. But later she found she didn’t like her at all and they couldn’t get on well with each other. I asked her why, she didn't reply to my question, and she just said sometimes he laughed at her. She also worried about her changing because she had to ask for the permission of the head teacher.
探究活動
編寫對話
1．假定你是Amy, 接到兩封信。用自己的語言描寫這兩封信，或編寫一個與自己母親的小對話。
Model:
Suppose you are Amy and you've just got two letters. Describe the letters in your own words:
I've got two letters this morning. The first letter is from Ken. He told me that he did not like new school, because all the other students had been in the same school before and they got along with each other very well. Though Ken tried to be friendly, they still did not like him and even made fun of him sometimes. So Ken asked me for some advice.
The second letter is from Yang Mei. In her letter she told me something about her cousin.
She had invited her cousin home to spend part of the winter vacation with her. But then she discovered that her cousin had started to tell lies. She did not know whether to tell his parents and teachers or not. So she asked me for my advice.
Mum; Amy, have you written back to Ken and Yang Mei?
Amy: Yes, and I've posted the letters already.
Mum; Did you give Ken some advice?
Amy: Yes. I told him not to worry about being short. Many people are short, and they are just fine.
Mum: Hmm, but Ken's problem is that he doesn't have friends at school, and what was your suggestion?
Amy: I told him that he should choose a special friend, someone who he thinks is kind and friendly, and I told him not to spend too much time alone.
Mum: Good. And what did you say in your letter to Yang Mei?
Amy:...
2．根據(jù)對話中提及種植西紅柿的實(shí)驗(yàn)經(jīng)過，教師用投影儀打出如下提示，要求學(xué)生按所給提示，兩人一組，說出該過程：
Say something about how to do the tomato experiment; 1) not use anything special; 2) ask Mr. Wu to borrow some boxes? 3) use the lab and prepare some plant food; 4) weigh plant food carefully; 5) grow tomatoes in one box which has plant food in the soil ; grow some tomatoes in another box which does not; 6) see the result
3．教師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生歸納在本課中有關(guān)提出忠告和建議的常用語句也可為學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)一些“問題”，啟發(fā)同學(xué)運(yùn)用這部分語言，為別人提出忠告和建議。Samples:
Somebody wants to improve his/her Chinese, but does not know HOW. Please give him or her some advice. 2) Somebody wants to improve his/her health, but does not know HOW. Please give him or her some advice. 3) Somebody is too fat/thin. Please give him or her some advice. 4) Somebody has difficulty in getting along with his/her classmates. Please give him or her some advice.
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