- 相關(guān)推薦
American English
教學(xué)目標
1. vocabulary:
difficulty, pronounce, fall(n.), ask...for, pardon, medicine, however, British, a great many, store, and so on, the same as, more or less, reason, Europe, cent, Indian, cookbook, change...into, explain
2. Oral English:
1) Would you please say that again more slowly ? 你能慢慢地再說一遍嗎?
2) Pardon ? 你說什么?
3) I'm sorry . I know only a little English / I don't quite follow you.
抱歉,我英語懂得很少,我不太明白你的意思。
4) How do you pronounce / spell ... ? 你怎么讀/拼......
5) I have some difficulty in doing sth. 我在做...方面有困難.
6) What does ... mean ? ... 是什么意思?
3. 語法：學(xué)習(xí)直接引語和間接引語
教學(xué)建議
對話分析
The dialogue is quite simple, so the teacher can encourage the Ss to act it out in class. Also the students can make up some related dialogues. when it comes to the text, the content is quite dull.
To make it more interesting, the teacher can tell a joke in the beginning. When dealing with the content of the text, the teacher can focus on some exercises, such as Choose and Fill in blanks.
重點知識講解
1.difficulty n.困難，艱難，難事；有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩種用法?
①用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為"困難、艱難"，常用在以下句型中?
have no/find(some, any, much) difficulty with sth./(in) doing sth.?
There is no (some, any, much) difficulty (in) doing sth.?
I had no difficulty in learning English.?
There was much difficulty (in) explaining it to him.?
②用作可數(shù)名詞，表示具體的困難，意為"難事，難點，困境，難處"。?
This book is full of difficulties.?
In face of so many difficulties, we never appeared to be afraid.?
2. come about
這是一個不及物動詞短語，其意思是（happen）“發(fā)生”，“造成”。與happen一樣，沒有被動語態(tài)。
（１）You failed the exam. How did it come about? 這次考試你怎么不及格？
（２）Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel (爭吵) comes about.
有時候很難說出口角是怎么引起的。
△聯(lián)想 come 構(gòu)成的短語有：
come across偶然遇到；come to do 開始做……； come along一道去、快點、過來；come true 變成現(xiàn)實；come from 來自、出生于；come near 臨近；come to an end 結(jié)束；come down 下來、流傳下來；come into use 開始使用；come back 回來、回想；come into power 上臺；come out 出來、長出、被出版；come into being 產(chǎn)生；come on 進行、進展、趕快、來！加油；come to oneself 蘇醒；come up 發(fā)生、被提出、長出、發(fā)芽。
３. And so on
該詞組用于列舉事物，一般放在句末（但是不完全列舉。）意為“等等”，“如此等等”。如：
（1）Vegetables are potatoes, beas, cabbages and so on.蔬來有土豆、豆子、白萊等等。
（2）They asked what my name was, where I lived, who my parents were, and so on..
他們問我姓什名誰，家住哪里，父母是何人，等等。
4. more or less
這是個固定詞組，意為( about, almost, nearly) 大約，或多或少，大體上。在句中作狀語，可放在修飾詞之前，也可放在句末，用逗號與句子分開。例如：
�。�1）The work is more or less finished. 這項工作大體完成了。
�。�2）The trip will take ten days more or less. 這次旅行約需十天時間。
（3）I hope my advice will be more or less helpful to you.
希望我的建議對你多少有些幫助。
5. When do you take your next exams?
1) 注意exam / examination 同動詞的搭配：
take / have an exam (學(xué)生參加考試)；give（students）an exam 老師考學(xué)生；
hold an exam 舉行考試； pass an exam 考試合格；
fail (in ) an exam 考試不合格
2) 注意本句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時。有這種用法的動詞有：take, begin, get, go, start, leave等，表示按計劃或時刻表將要發(fā)生的事情。如：
When does the winter holiday begin? 寒假什么時候開始？
The plane takes off at 9:30 a. m. 飛機上午九點三十分起飛。
6. I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English。
I have some difficulties with pronunciation.
difficulty即可作不可數(shù)名詞，又可作可數(shù)名詞，意為“困難”，用于下列句式：
a. have + difficulty + (in) doing sth. 其中介詞in可省略。它表示“在做某事時有困難”、“在……方面費勁”。difficulty前可用some, great, much, little, no等詞飾飾。例如：
You' ll have no difficulty ( in ) finding his house, for he is well known in this area.
b. have + difficulty/difficulties + with sth. 名詞前用介詞with,不用in, 且with不可省略。例如：
I'm having some difficulty with my daughter's maths homework.
c. There is no (some, much, any) difficulty (in) doing sth.
d. do sth. with/without any difficulty
e .find difficulty (in) doing sth.
例如：
（1）There was much difficulty (in) explaining it to him.
要給他解釋清楚真費了不少勁。
（2）I find some difficulty (in) learning Russian. 我覺得學(xué)俄語有些困難。
（3）He finished his homework without (any) difficulty.
他毫不費力地完成了家庭作業(yè)。
（4）His English was very bad and he spoke with difficulty.
他的英語很差，說起來很吃力。
7. At first, the language stayed the same as th language used in Britain. 起初這種語言同在英國使用的語言仍然相同。
But Americans still talk about “fall” just as people do in some parts of western English. 但是美國人還是說 “fall” , 就像英格蘭西部有些地區(qū)的人說 “fall”一樣。
1）stay 在句中相當于連系動詞，意為“保持某種狀態(tài)”；相當于keep的意思，通常接形容詞作表語，無被動語態(tài)。它還可以用作不及物動詞，表示“停留”等，例如：
The shop stayed open till 6 o’clock. 這家商店一直營業(yè)到六點。
句式一：stay + 形，維持（……的狀態(tài)）。如：
The windows stayed open all the night.
句式二：stay(+副)，停留（在某處）。如：
You should stay in bed.
句式三：stay (+ 副)，留宿，客居，暫住。如：
How long did you stay in New York?
2）the same as / the same …as 是“和……一樣”的意思。在same之前總要加定冠詞the。 as 是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，as 在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。as 從句可用省略形式。如：
This is the same material as is used in building the bridge. 這和建那座橋所用的材料一樣。（as 作主語）
3）just as 意為“正如，恰似”，as 是連詞，引導(dǎo)一個方式狀語從句，有時也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：
She loves singing just as her mother did. 她喜歡唱歌，正像她媽媽過去喜歡唱歌一樣。
Jack didn’t feel just as his wife did. 湯姆并不像他妻子感受的那樣。（引導(dǎo)表語從句。）
8．Would you please say that again more slowly? = Will you please say that again more slowly? = Please say that again more slowly.
“Would/will you please. . . ?”是婉轉(zhuǎn)提出要求時的禮貌用語，用would比用will更加禮貌，多用于對陌生人或長輩說話的場合。注意該句型后接動詞原形，肯定回答：Yes, I will. / Sure, / All right. Certainly. / Yes, please. 否定回答：No, I won’t. / I’m sorry, but I can’t. / No, thank you.
9．In China about seven people in ten speak putonghua.
in 作介詞，表示比例、比率，例如：
One in ten students could solve the problem.
10．I know only a little English. 我只懂一點英語.
little 作"少"解，有否定的意味，即"少得幾乎沒有"（almost no）的意思，a little雖然也作"少"解，但有肯定的意味，"即雖少但還有一點"的意思.而only a little 卻是否定的.和little 同義,在非正式文體中一般用only a little來代替little.
試比較下列對話：
A：I'm thirsty. Can you give me some water to drink? 我渴了，給我一點水喝好嗎？
B：Sure. There is a little water in the bottle. Take it.好的，瓶里還有一點水，拿去吧。
A：I'm thirsty. Can you give me some water to drink?我渴了，給我一點水喝好嗎？
B：I'm sorry, but there is little / only a little water in the bottle.
對不起，瓶里沒有什么水了。
1．no longer 與no more
這是一對近義詞，都作“不再”、“再也不”（for no further period of time ）解，一般可通用。
�。保﹏o more一般位于句末或句首，而no longer則可用于實義動詞之前，助動詞或連系動詞之后，或者位于句尾。例如：
（1）He still smoked, but he drank no more. 他還在吸煙，但不再喝酒了。
（2）They are no longer staying with us. 他們不再跟我們住在一起。
2） no more ＝ not. . . any more, no longer = not. . . any longer. no more/ longer 是正式用法，not. . . any more/longer 比較自然。如：
（1）I do not see him any more/any longer.我不能再看到他了。
（2）I did not feel sick any more. 我不再感到惡心了。
3）no more (not. ..any more) 強調(diào)數(shù)量和程度，表示動作不再重復(fù)，一般指把現(xiàn)在的情況將來對比，即“現(xiàn)在如何如何，將來不再這樣(now, but not in the future)”. no longer(not. . .any longer) 強調(diào)時間，表示動作不再延緩，一般是現(xiàn)在的情況同過去對比，即“過去如何如何，現(xiàn)在不再這樣(once, but not now) �！�
例如：
（1）She is not a child any longer.
= She is no longer a child. 她再也不是個孩子了。
（2）I won't do such stupid things any more.
= I'll do such stupid things no more. 我（今后）再也不干這種蠢事了。
2. 辨析 however / but / while
從詞義上看，三詞相近，均表示上下文之間語氣的轉(zhuǎn)折，其中but語氣強烈，譯作“但是”；從詞性上看，however作“然而、可是”解時是副詞，而but與while是連詞，用于連接并列分句；從句子位置看，but與while一般位于兩個并列分句的中間，however位置靈活，可位于可首，句中或句尾，而且必須用“，”與句子分開。例如：
We love peace, but we are not afraid of war.
This plan is all right; however, it can be made better.
I’m interested in sports while my brother is fond of music.
He is young, but he knows a lot. 他尚年幼，但懂得卻多。
Later, however, he decided to go. 可后來他決定去了。
３．A great many words and expressions have come into the language from American English…
英語中表“許多”的詞組有很多，一般可按其用法分為以下三類：
修飾可名詞：many; a great (good, large ) number of; quite a few; numbers of; many a ; a great (good) many; scores of 等。many a ,其意近似于many , 但many a 后邊接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，如：
Many a student has such a question.
修飾不可數(shù)名詞：much; a great (good ) deal of; a large amount of; large amounts of等。
既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞：a lot of (lots of ); plenty of; a large quantity of; large quantities of 等。
plenty of, a lot of / lots of常用在肯定句中，否定句中多用many或much 。如：
Today I haven’t much work to do. 今天我沒有許多事做。
4. Now ask your partner for the answers.
句式“ask + 名(人)+ for +名”意為“向（某人）請求……”；“向（某人）要求……”，例如：
He asked his parents for a motorcycle.
比較下列句式：
句式一：ask +for+名，向……要，例如：
After dinner I asked for coffee.
句式二：ask +名(+ for/to+ 名), 請……，例如：
I have been asked for (to) dinner tonight.
句式三：ask + 名（人）＋副詞＋for / to + 名，請……，例如：
He asked me in for a cup of coffee.
I asked her out to lunch.
句式四：ask for + 人，要求（人）來（接電話），例如：
A Mr Simpson from Sydney is asking for the manager.
5．a(chǎn)s用法小結(jié)
１）as用作介詞，意為“作為”，“如同”。as引導(dǎo)的介詞短語大多作狀語，有時也可用作定語、定語補足語等。例如：
（1）It was Paul’s first important lesson as a student of Chemistry and he never forgot it.
（2）Don't treat me as a child. 別把我當小孩看待。
（3）He is well-known as a writer. 作為一名作家他很出名。
２）as作連詞，有以下幾種不同含義：
a. 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“當……時候”，“隨著……”“一邊……一邊……”。如：
He saw his daughter as he was getting off the bus.
他下車看見了他的女兒。（兩個短暫動作幾乎同時發(fā)生）
b. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，意為“因為”，“既然”，as = since（語氣比because弱）。as原因狀語從句多位于主句前。如：
（1）As (Since) you are not feeling well, you may stay home.
既然你不太舒服，你就留在家里吧。
（2）As he was ill, I went without him. 因為他有病，我獨自去了。
c. 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，“像……一樣。”常用于as(副詞)…as和not as …as結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：
（3）The book is not so easy as you imagine. 這本書不像你想象的那么容易。
d. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“按照”、“如同”。
She loves singing just as her mother did.她正像她母親一樣喜歡唱歌。
3）as用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，意為“像……的人／物”，“如……那樣�！敝饕糜趕uch …as, the same …as 結(jié)構(gòu)中，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。例如：
Such books as you bought yesterday are helpful to children.像你昨天買的那些書對孩子們有益。
直接引語和間接引語的區(qū)別
1.下列情況中，直接引語變間接引語時，時態(tài)不變：
1)直接引語中的過去完（進行）時在間接引語中時態(tài)不變
例如:Tom said, “My brother had been a worker for two years before he came here.”
Tom said that his brother had been a worker for two years before he came here.
2) 間接引語中動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)說話時仍繼續(xù)進行或存在進，其時態(tài)不變。
例如：”I am eight.” the boy said. The boy said that he is eight.
3) 直接引語中,如果表示過去的時間狀語用來表示事態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的具體時間,變間接引語時,其謂語動詞仍用一般過去時。
4）轉(zhuǎn)述習(xí)慣性動作、客觀事實或科學(xué)真理時,其時態(tài)不變。
5）引述動詞為現(xiàn)在時,間接引語中的動詞可保持原來時態(tài)。
例如:He says, “I have accepted her invitation.” He says that he has accepted her invitation.
6).如果直接引語用虛擬語氣，變間接引語時，仍用原來的動詞形式。
例如：’I insist that you give up smoking,’ said the doctor.
The doctor insisted that he give up smoking.
7).時間狀語從句中的一般過去時或過去進行時，在間接引語中保持不變。
8).如果直接引語是以would like 作謂語的特殊疑問句，間接引語中would like 不變；如果直接引語是一般疑問句，like 之后接動名詞或名詞作賓語，間接引語中would like也不變。
2.直接引語是祈使句變間接引語，通常將say 改為ask 或tell, order等詞，構(gòu)成ask (tell, order) sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。原祈使句如果是否定的，要在不定式結(jié)構(gòu)前加not，原祈使句中如果帶有please一詞，間接引語也不再使用。
例如：‘Please open the second window,’ he said. He asked me to open the second window.
2.直接引語是感嘆句，變間接引語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)用一個能表達原意的詞語。
例如：She said, “What a lovely day.” She remarked with joy that it was such a lovely day.
教學(xué)目標
1. vocabulary:
difficulty, pronounce, fall(n.), ask...for, pardon, medicine, however, British, a great many, store, and so on, the same as, more or less, reason, Europe, cent, Indian, cookbook, change...into, explain
2. Oral English:
1) Would you please say that again more slowly ? 你能慢慢地再說一遍嗎?
2) Pardon ? 你說什么?
3) I'm sorry . I know only a little English / I don't quite follow you.
抱歉,我英語懂得很少,我不太明白你的意思。
4) How do you pronounce / spell ... ? 你怎么讀/拼......
5) I have some difficulty in doing sth. 我在做...方面有困難.
6) What does ... mean ? ... 是什么意思?
3. 語法：學(xué)習(xí)直接引語和間接引語
教學(xué)建議
對話分析
The dialogue is quite simple, so the teacher can encourage the Ss to act it out in class. Also the students can make up some related dialogues. when it comes to the text, the content is quite dull.
To make it more interesting, the teacher can tell a joke in the beginning. When dealing with the content of the text, the teacher can focus on some exercises, such as Choose and Fill in blanks.
重點知識講解
1.difficulty n.困難，艱難，難事；有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩種用法?
①用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為"困難、艱難"，常用在以下句型中?
have no/find(some, any, much) difficulty with sth./(in) doing sth.?
There is no (some, any, much) difficulty (in) doing sth.?
I had no difficulty in learning English.?
There was much difficulty (in) explaining it to him.?
②用作可數(shù)名詞，表示具體的困難，意為"難事，難點，困境，難處"。?
This book is full of difficulties.?
In face of so many difficulties, we never appeared to be afraid.?
2. come about
這是一個不及物動詞短語，其意思是（happen）“發(fā)生”，“造成”。與happen一樣，沒有被動語態(tài)。
（１）You failed the exam. How did it come about? 這次考試你怎么不及格？
（２）Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel (爭吵) comes about.
有時候很難說出口角是怎么引起的。
△聯(lián)想 come 構(gòu)成的短語有：
come across偶然遇到；come to do 開始做……； come along一道去、快點、過來；come true 變成現(xiàn)實；come from 來自、出生于；come near 臨近；come to an end 結(jié)束；come down 下來、流傳下來；come into use 開始使用；come back 回來、回想；come into power 上臺；come out 出來、長出、被出版；come into being 產(chǎn)生；come on 進行、進展、趕快、來！加油；come to oneself 蘇醒；come up 發(fā)生、被提出、長出、發(fā)芽。
３. And so on
該詞組用于列舉事物，一般放在句末（但是不完全列舉。）意為“等等”，“如此等等”。如：
（1）Vegetables are potatoes, beas, cabbages and so on.蔬來有土豆、豆子、白萊等等。
（2）They asked what my name was, where I lived, who my parents were, and so on..
他們問我姓什名誰，家住哪里，父母是何人，等等。
4. more or less
這是個固定詞組，意為( about, almost, nearly) 大約，或多或少，大體上。在句中作狀語，可放在修飾詞之前，也可放在句末，用逗號與句子分開。例如：
（1）The work is more or less finished. 這項工作大體完成了。
（2）The trip will take ten days more or less. 這次旅行約需十天時間。
�。�3）I hope my advice will be more or less helpful to you.
希望我的建議對你多少有些幫助。
5. When do you take your next exams?
1) 注意exam / examination 同動詞的搭配：
take / have an exam (學(xué)生參加考試)；give（students）an exam 老師考學(xué)生；
hold an exam 舉行考試； pass an exam 考試合格；
fail (in ) an exam 考試不合格
2) 注意本句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時。有這種用法的動詞有：take, begin, get, go, start, leave等，表示按計劃或時刻表將要發(fā)生的事情。如：
When does the winter holiday begin? 寒假什么時候開始？
The plane takes off at 9:30 a. m. 飛機上午九點三十分起飛。
6. I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English。
I have some difficulties with pronunciation.
difficulty即可作不可數(shù)名詞，又可作可數(shù)名詞，意為“困難”，用于下列句式：
a. have + difficulty + (in) doing sth. 其中介詞in可省略。它表示“在做某事時有困難”、“在……方面費勁”。difficulty前可用some, great, much, little, no等詞飾飾。例如：
You' ll have no difficulty ( in ) finding his house, for he is well known in this area.
b. have + difficulty/difficulties + with sth. 名詞前用介詞with,不用in, 且with不可省略。例如：
I'm having some difficulty with my daughter's maths homework.
c. There is no (some, much, any) difficulty (in) doing sth.
d. do sth. with/without any difficulty
e .find difficulty (in) doing sth.
例如：
（1）There was much difficulty (in) explaining it to him.
要給他解釋清楚真費了不少勁。
（2）I find some difficulty (in) learning Russian. 我覺得學(xué)俄語有些困難。
（3）He finished his homework without (any) difficulty.
他毫不費力地完成了家庭作業(yè)。
（4）His English was very bad and he spoke with difficulty.
他的英語很差，說起來很吃力。
7. At first, the language stayed the same as th language used in Britain. 起初這種語言同在英國使用的語言仍然相同。
But Americans still talk about “fall” just as people do in some parts of western English. 但是美國人還是說 “fall” , 就像英格蘭西部有些地區(qū)的人說 “fall”一樣。
1）stay 在句中相當于連系動詞，意為“保持某種狀態(tài)”；相當于keep的意思，通常接形容詞作表語，無被動語態(tài)。它還可以用作不及物動詞，表示“停留”等，例如：
The shop stayed open till 6 o’clock. 這家商店一直營業(yè)到六點。
句式一：stay + 形，維持（……的狀態(tài)）。如：
The windows stayed open all the night.
句式二：stay(+副)，停留（在某處）。如：
You should stay in bed.
句式三：stay (+ 副)，留宿，客居，暫住。如：
How long did you stay in New York?
2）the same as / the same …as 是“和……一樣”的意思。在same之前總要加定冠詞the。 as 是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，as 在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。as 從句可用省略形式。如：
This is the same material as is used in building the bridge. 這和建那座橋所用的材料一樣。（as 作主語）
3）just as 意為“正如，恰似”，as 是連詞，引導(dǎo)一個方式狀語從句，有時也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：
She loves singing just as her mother did. 她喜歡唱歌，正像她媽媽過去喜歡唱歌一樣。
Jack didn’t feel just as his wife did. 湯姆并不像他妻子感受的那樣。（引導(dǎo)表語從句。）
8．Would you please say that again more slowly? = Will you please say that again more slowly? = Please say that again more slowly.
“Would/will you please. . . ?”是婉轉(zhuǎn)提出要求時的禮貌用語，用would比用will更加禮貌，多用于對陌生人或長輩說話的場合。注意該句型后接動詞原形，肯定回答：Yes, I will. / Sure, / All right. Certainly. / Yes, please. 否定回答：No, I won’t. / I’m sorry, but I can’t. / No, thank you.
9．In China about seven people in ten speak putonghua.
in 作介詞，表示比例、比率，例如：
One in ten students could solve the problem.
10．I know only a little English. 我只懂一點英語.
little 作"少"解，有否定的意味，即"少得幾乎沒有"（almost no）的意思，a little雖然也作"少"解，但有肯定的意味，"即雖少但還有一點"的意思.而only a little 卻是否定的.和little 同義,在非正式文體中一般用only a little來代替little.
試比較下列對話：
A：I'm thirsty. Can you give me some water to drink? 我渴了，給我一點水喝好嗎？
B：Sure. There is a little water in the bottle. Take it.好的，瓶里還有一點水，拿去吧。
A：I'm thirsty. Can you give me some water to drink?我渴了，給我一點水喝好嗎？
B：I'm sorry, but there is little / only a little water in the bottle.
對不起，瓶里沒有什么水了。
1．no longer 與no more
這是一對近義詞，都作“不再”、“再也不”（for no further period of time ）解，一般可通用。
�。保﹏o more一般位于句末或句首，而no longer則可用于實義動詞之前，助動詞或連系動詞之后，或者位于句尾。例如：
（1）He still smoked, but he drank no more. 他還在吸煙，但不再喝酒了。
（2）They are no longer staying with us. 他們不再跟我們住在一起。
2） no more ＝ not. . . any more, no longer = not. . . any longer. no more/ longer 是正式用法，not. . . any more/longer 比較自然。如：
（1）I do not see him any more/any longer.我不能再看到他了。
（2）I did not feel sick any more. 我不再感到惡心了。
3）no more (not. ..any more) 強調(diào)數(shù)量和程度，表示動作不再重復(fù)，一般指把現(xiàn)在的情況將來對比，即“現(xiàn)在如何如何，將來不再這樣(now, but not in the future)”. no longer(not. . .any longer) 強調(diào)時間，表示動作不再延緩，一般是現(xiàn)在的情況同過去對比，即“過去如何如何，現(xiàn)在不再這樣(once, but not now) 。”
例如：
（1）She is not a child any longer.
= She is no longer a child. 她再也不是個孩子了。
（2）I won't do such stupid things any more.
= I'll do such stupid things no more. 我（今后）再也不干這種蠢事了。
2. 辨析 however / but / while
從詞義上看，三詞相近，均表示上下文之間語氣的轉(zhuǎn)折，其中but語氣強烈，譯作“但是”；從詞性上看，however作“然而、可是”解時是副詞，而but與while是連詞，用于連接并列分句；從句子位置看，but與while一般位于兩個并列分句的中間，however位置靈活，可位于可首，句中或句尾，而且必須用“，”與句子分開。例如：
We love peace, but we are not afraid of war.
This plan is all right; however, it can be made better.
I’m interested in sports while my brother is fond of music.
He is young, but he knows a lot. 他尚年幼，但懂得卻多。
Later, however, he decided to go. 可后來他決定去了。
３．A great many words and expressions have come into the language from American English…
英語中表“許多”的詞組有很多，一般可按其用法分為以下三類：
修飾可名詞：many; a great (good, large ) number of; quite a few; numbers of; many a ; a great (good) many; scores of 等。many a ,其意近似于many , 但many a 后邊接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，如：
Many a student has such a question.
修飾不可數(shù)名詞：much; a great (good ) deal of; a large amount of; large amounts of等。
既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞：a lot of (lots of ); plenty of; a large quantity of; large quantities of 等。
plenty of, a lot of / lots of常用在肯定句中，否定句中多用many或much 。如：
Today I haven’t much work to do. 今天我沒有許多事做。
4. Now ask your partner for the answers.
句式“ask + 名(人)+ for +名”意為“向（某人）請求……”；“向（某人）要求……”，例如：
He asked his parents for a motorcycle.
比較下列句式：
句式一：ask +for+名，向……要，例如：
After dinner I asked for coffee.
句式二：ask +名(+ for/to+ 名), 請……，例如：
I have been asked for (to) dinner tonight.
句式三：ask + 名（人）＋副詞＋for / to + 名，請……，例如：
He asked me in for a cup of coffee.
I asked her out to lunch.
句式四：ask for + 人，要求（人）來（接電話），例如：
A Mr Simpson from Sydney is asking for the manager.
5．a(chǎn)s用法小結(jié)
１）as用作介詞，意為“作為”，“如同”。as引導(dǎo)的介詞短語大多作狀語，有時也可用作定語、定語補足語等。例如：
（1）It was Paul’s first important lesson as a student of Chemistry and he never forgot it.
（2）Don't treat me as a child. 別把我當小孩看待。
（3）He is well-known as a writer. 作為一名作家他很出名。
２）as作連詞，有以下幾種不同含義：
a. 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“當……時候”，“隨著……”“一邊……一邊……”。如：
He saw his daughter as he was getting off the bus.
他下車看見了他的女兒。（兩個短暫動作幾乎同時發(fā)生）
b. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，意為“因為”，“既然”，as = since（語氣比because弱）。as原因狀語從句多位于主句前。如：
（1）As (Since) you are not feeling well, you may stay home.
既然你不太舒服，你就留在家里吧。
（2）As he was ill, I went without him. 因為他有病，我獨自去了。
c. 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，“像……一樣�！背Ｓ糜赼s(副詞)…as和not as …as結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：
（3）The book is not so easy as you imagine. 這本書不像你想象的那么容易。
d. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“按照”、“如同”。
She loves singing just as her mother did.她正像她母親一樣喜歡唱歌。
3）as用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，意為“像……的人／物”，“如……那樣�！敝饕糜趕uch …as, the same …as 結(jié)構(gòu)中，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。例如：
Such books as you bought yesterday are helpful to children.像你昨天買的那些書對孩子們有益。
直接引語和間接引語的區(qū)別
1.下列情況中，直接引語變間接引語時，時態(tài)不變：
1)直接引語中的過去完（進行）時在間接引語中時態(tài)不變
例如:Tom said, “My brother had been a worker for two years before he came here.”
Tom said that his brother had been a worker for two years before he came here.
2) 間接引語中動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)說話時仍繼續(xù)進行或存在進，其時態(tài)不變。
例如：”I am eight.” the boy said. The boy said that he is eight.
3) 直接引語中,如果表示過去的時間狀語用來表示事態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的具體時間,變間接引語時,其謂語動詞仍用一般過去時。
4）轉(zhuǎn)述習(xí)慣性動作、客觀事實或科學(xué)真理時,其時態(tài)不變。
5）引述動詞為現(xiàn)在時,間接引語中的動詞可保持原來時態(tài)。
例如:He says, “I have accepted her invitation.” He says that he has accepted her invitation.
6).如果直接引語用虛擬語氣，變間接引語時，仍用原來的動詞形式。
例如：’I insist that you give up smoking,’ said the doctor.
The doctor insisted that he give up smoking.
7).時間狀語從句中的一般過去時或過去進行時，在間接引語中保持不變。
8).如果直接引語是以would like 作謂語的特殊疑問句，間接引語中would like 不變；如果直接引語是一般疑問句，like 之后接動名詞或名詞作賓語，間接引語中would like也不變。
2.直接引語是祈使句變間接引語，通常將say 改為ask 或tell, order等詞，構(gòu)成ask (tell, order) sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。原祈使句如果是否定的，要在不定式結(jié)構(gòu)前加not，原祈使句中如果帶有please一詞，間接引語也不再使用。
例如：‘Please open the second window,’ he said. He asked me to open the second window.
2.直接引語是感嘆句，變間接引語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)用一個能表達原意的詞語。
例如：She said, “What a lovely day.” She remarked with joy that it was such a lovely day.
教學(xué)設(shè)計方案 Lesson 9
Teaching Aims:
Learn and master the following words and phrases:
difficulty , pronounce , fall (n.), ask --- for , medicine
2) Oral English:
Would you please say that again more slowly ? Pardon ?
I' m sorry I know only a little English . / I don' t quite follow you .
How do you pronounce / spell --- ? I have some difficulty in doing --- What does --- mean ?
Teaching Important Points :
1. Master the use of the words of four skills and some phrases and idioms .
2. How to express one' s opinions and what one feels . and how to make requests.
Teaching Difficult Points :
1. the use of " ask for " and " have difficulty in doing sth ".
2. how to ask for advice by using " Would you please ---?"
Teaching Procedures:
Step I . Revision
T: Good morning , everyone ! S: Good morning , teacher .
T: Sit down , please .Now let’s welcome Helen to give us a free talk. Come to the Bb ,please.
Step II. Introduction :
T: As we know , sometimes people can not understand each other well because they speak in different accents . Do you know accent ? It means a special way of speaking . As you know , in our country, persons from Shandong Province and Zhejiang Province speak Chinese with a different accent ,. So does English . There are mainly two important kinds of English in the world : American English and British English. What’s the differences between them ? People from Britain and America can understand each other well ? Let' s listen to a dialogue . OK . Listen to the tape and then answer my questions .
Step III . Dialogue
Listen for the first time and answer: Listen to Lesson 9 and choose the right answer:
1) Yang Mei has a plan to _____________
A. work next fall. B. study medicine and to become a doctor.
C. have difficulty in learning English.
Listen for the second time and answer the following questions :
1. Who is Yang Mei ? What does she do ?
2. Who is Sara ?
3. What difficulty does Yang Mei have in learning English ?
4. What is Sara' s opinion about Yang Mei ' s pronunciation ?
5. What does " fall " mean in the dialogue ?
6. Do you think Yang Mei understands the meaning of '' fall " ?
7. What ' s Yang Mei ' s plan ?
( Ask the students to answer the questions above . )
Suggested answers :
1.Yang Mei is a Chinese girl who is now studying in the States .
2.Sara is an American . She is Yang Mei ' s teacher.
3.She has some difficulty in pronouncing some English words .
4.She thinks Yang Mei' s pronunciation is very good .
5.It means " autumn " ,
6.No , she didn' t .She does not understand its meaning until Sara say " next September " .
7.She wants to study medicine .
T:Please open your books . Turn to Page 9 . Let' s go through the dialogue and deal with some language points . Please look at the screen .
1.difficulty .
(1).the quality of being difficult; trouble phrases: do sth , with difficulty , without (much , any ) difficulty have difficulty ( trouble , a good time , a hard time fun ---) ( in ) doing sth . have difficulty with sth .
e.g. Tod had some difficulty in understanding me .
I don' t have much . difficulty with English grammar.
(2).often pl. something difficult , a trouble.
e.g. James keeps raising difficulties over my new plan.
2.pronounce v.------- to say the sounds of a language. ( n , pronunciation )
3.And when do you take your next exams ?
Present Simple for future use , the speaker is talking about a school programme which is fixed .
e.g. When does the winter holidays begin ?
give the students an exam ( 老師) 考學(xué)生。 hold an exam 舉行考試
pass an exam 考試合格 fail in an exam 考試不及格
4. fall n . = autumn in American English
5. plan n. ---- a ( carefully considered ) arrangement for carrying out some future activity .
e.g. The police worked out a plan to catch the thief.
6. medicine n. ----- the science of treating and understanding disease.
7. wheel n . ----- a round object which turns on an axle
e.g. Carts , cars and trains run on wheels.
8. ask --- for
e.g. Everybody was now asking him for advice . She asked him for his address .
Ask him for anything you want . He asked for time to think it over.
Step IV. Oral practice
T: Now let' s make a dialogue according to the text . Suppose Tom is an American boy and Charles is English . One day Tom invites Charles to see a film . I give you three minutes to prepare in pairs , Then I'll ask some of you to act it out .
One possible answer : ( T: Tom C: Charles)
T: Hello , Charles !
C: Hello , Tom !
T: Are you free tonight ? If so , would you like to go to the movies tonight ?
C: I' m sorry I don' t quite follow you . Would you please say that again more slowly ?
T: Would you like to go to the movies ?
C: Pardon ?
T: Let' s go to see a film , shall we meet ?
C: That' s great ! When shall we meet ?
T: At seven . I'll call you. See you .
C: See you .
Step V . Practice
T: Now let' s deal with Part Two ----- Practice . Please complete it by yourself.In a few minutes,I'll check the answers . OK ?
( A few minutes later .) Now Zhang Ying . please do the first one ---
Answers : 1 -- b ; 2 -- f ; 3 -- d ; 4 -- a ; 5 -- c ; 6 -- e
Step VI . Workbook
T: Now turn to Page 67 . Let' s do the exercises . Part 1. Li Ling , please read the words in the first column ------
( Then do Ex.3 and Ex . 4 . When the students do Ex. 4. teacher can say the following .)
T: Please pay attention : English speaker usually say " Thank you ." when they are praised . So the correct response to Sentence 2 and 3 should be " Thank you " rather than " No " ,
Suggested answers :
Ex. 3. : Chinese , States , On , for , difficulty . good . understand , example , fall , September . medicine.
Ex. 4. : 1. How do you do ?
4. You are welcome . / Not at all . / don' t mention it . / That' s all right ./ My pleasure . / It' s nothing . / A pleasure.
5. Yes . please , Thank you . / No , thank you .
6. The same to you .
Step VII . Sum up
T: In this lesson we've learned a dialogue , Please remember this : When you talk to someone you likely meet with some difficulty .If so , you may say " Would you please say that again more slowly ? / Pardon ? / I' m sorry I know only a little English . / I don' t quite follow you . / How do you pronounce ---? What does --- mean ?" ( Write them on the blackboard . ) Besides , there are two useful expressions : " I have some difficulty in doing --- " and " ask --- for " ( Write them on the blackboard .) Please use them as much as possible in and after class.
Step VIII . Homework :
1. Do Ex . 2. on Page 67 except 1. 2. and 5
2. Retell the dialogue of lesson 9 in the third person form .
Suggested answers :
1. 3). I think she is in the first grade .
4). I think they are talking at the gate of a university .
6). She will take her next exams in June .
7). " Medicine " means the science of treating and understanding disease .
8). In my opinion , Yang Mei' s English is not good enough . She still has difficulty in listening and pronouncing some of the words in English .
2. Yang Mei is a Chinese girl , She is now Studying in the States . On the first day of school , she met her new teacher Sara for the first time . They talked for a while . Yang Mei said that she had difficulty in pronouncing some English words . But Sara thought that the girl' s pronunciation as very good , Sometimes Yang Mei could not understand Sara during the talk . For example , Sara used " fall " instead of " autumn " . She said the word again clearly and slowly . Yang Mei didn't understand until Sara said " next September " . Yang Mei told the teacher that she wanted to study medicine next year and become a doctor.
How do you spell/ pronounce --- ? ask ( sb. ) for sth.
What does --- mean ?
教學(xué)設(shè)計方案Lesson 10
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn and master the following words and phrases:
however , a great many ,store , and so on , the same as , more or less
2. Train students ' ability of reading comprehension
Teaching Important Points : After learning the text " American English " , let the students know something about the differences between British English and American English and the development of English .
Difficult Points :
how to use " however " and " but "
Teaching Procedures :
Step1. Revision
T: Good morning , class. S: Good morning , teacher .
T: Sit down , please , In the last period , we' ve learned a dialogue between Yang Mei and her teacher Sara . Who can tell me the meaning of “fall”? Peter,please. Step2.Preparation for reading T: Today we are going to learn sth , more about English . English is a young language .It grew from other languages , such as German an French . People began to write it down only about six hundred years ago . It is the international business language , However , English is not exactly the same in different countries . American people speak English , but it is a little different from British English . In this period , we are going to read about those differences . Please close your books and listen to the tape carefully . Then think over the questions on the screen .
Step3 .Listen and answer: (Teacher plays the tape and then shows some questions on the screen ) T: Now please look at some questions on the screen .
1. Do you think that people from Britain and American can understand each other ? Why do you think so ?
2. Is there any difference in written English in the two countries ?
3. Can you give some examples to show the differences in spelling English ?
4. What differences are there in spoken English in the two countries ?
5. How did the differences between British and American English come about ?
( After that , teacher may ask Ss to answer. )
Step4. Reading comprehension:
T: Now please read the text again and finish the exercises within 8 minutes.
1.The passage doesn’'t tell the difference between AmE. and BrE. in _____.?
A.spelling B.pronunciation C.grammar D.vocabulary
2.The differences between BrE. and AmE. came about in the following ways except _____.
A.people from England took English to different parts of the world and it began to change?
B.some British English changed while English in other parts of the world remained the same
C.some other words came into the English language from other countries?
D.many words and expressions came into the English language from American English
3.The main idea of Paragraph 6 is _____.?
A.many words from other languages have come into the English language?
B.there are several reasons for American English changes?
C.American English brought in some words from the European countries?
D.some British English were brought into American English?
4.From the passage we can see that _____.?
A.American English is quite different from British English?
B.it is difficult to tell the differences between American English and British English
C.American English is really a“mixture”of different languages?
D.people from other countries have changed the English language
5.From the text we know that Americans are _____.?
A.people from European countries?
B.people from France?
C.people from all parts of the world?
D.people from Spain?
參考答案：
1～5 CCBCC?
Step 5 Fill in blanks.
T: Read the text again in details and fill in the blanks without looking at it.
1.Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English.
2.How did these differences come about?
3.Sometimes the language spoken in these places stayed the same, while the language in England changed.
4.There are a great many American Indian words.
Step6 Language points:
1. more or less ------ about , not exactly , almost , nearly
It' s more or less an hour' s walk from here . more or less.
The work is more or less finished .
2. however adv. -----in spite of this , nevertheless
It' s raining hard , However . I think we should go out .
He hasn't arrived . He may , however , come later.
The students thought they had done everything as the teacher did.
They were mistaken , however.
3. come about ------ happen , take place
Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel comes about .
When John woke up , he was in the hospital , but he didn't know how that had come about .
4.At first , the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain , but slowly thelanguage began to change from one part of the world to another.
1) stay vi ------ keep , remain e.g. The door stayed open all the day ;
The temperature has stayed hot this week.
2) the same as --- e.g. My dictionary is the same as yours .
We will do the same experiment as they did yesterday.
5. the language began to change from one part of the world to another : The form of English spoken in one area of the world becomes different from the forms of English spoken in other areas .
6. a great / a good many ------- a very large number of
e.g. Tom has a great many friends at school . A great many of them like American English better than British English.
Step 7 Sum up :
Today , we' ve learned Lesson Ten . American English (1) , We' ve learned the differences between America English and British English . Their differences Lie in three : one is in written English .e.g. Br.E colour, centre, travelled while AmE, color , center , traveled ; one is in spoken English , e.g. Br.E. dance [da:ns] ,not [nt], Ame dance, not; the third is in words and expressions. Br. E, movie , gas , store , mail , right away,I guess while Am. E , film , petrol , shop , post , at once . I think . The cause of making these differences is that people travelled from one part to another. ( Write parts of them on the Bb.)
Step VIII . Homework .
1.Revise the text of this lesson. 2. Make sentences with the words and expressions of Lesson10.
教學(xué)設(shè)計方案Lesson 12
Teaching Aims :1.Checkpoint 3 2. Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
Teaching Difficult Points :
the use of the Indirect Speech
Teaching Methods :
Inductive method , deductive method and observating method .
Teaching Aids :1. a recorder ; 2. a slide projector
Teaching Procedures :
Step I .Revision
T: Good morning everyone . Ss: Good morning , teacher.
T: Sit down , please , Now I'll check the homework . Ren Ping , please do Ex.1on Page 69 ---
Step II . Listening .
T: In the last two periods , we've learned something about the differences between American English and English spoken in England .Today,we are going to listen to a dialogue , An American woman . Terry is talking to her friend David . Let' s listen to what they are talking about .Please listen carefully , then we'll do exercises on Page 129.
Listening to the Text :
David : What' s it like living in England , Terry ?
Terry : Well,I'mhavingagreat time , But I guess I sometimes have a little difficulty understanding what people are saying .
David : Can you explain a bit more ? Do you have some trouble with our pronunciation ?
Terry : No,but you use a lot of different words over here that I don' t understand.
David : Can you give an example ?
Terry : A woman said she would ring me the next day .
David : What' s strange about that ?
Terry : Well , we say , I' ll call you tomorrow ,
David : Now that sounds very funny to me !
Terry : There' s another thing . In the States people stand closer to each other than English people . For example , if I' m talking to English people at a party . I find that they stand quite a long way away from me .
David : Anything else ?
Terry : Well , yes , It' s clear to me that English people don' t like touching somebody or being touched , Now in the States touch is important,Friends touch each other on the arm ,for example . And we often put an arm round a friend when we say " Hello " or " Goodbye ".So I have to remember not to touch people when I' m in England.
David : What else ?
Terry : You drive on the left and we drive on the right . I almost got killed on the street , the other day . I looked to the left and started to cross, There was a car coming from my right ! Luckily it stopped and didn't hit me .
( Play the cassette twice , Let the Ss check their answers in pairs , then with the whole class. Play the tape to check the answers . )
Suggested answers :
Ex.1.English language , words , parties , touching , saying " Hello " and " Goodbye " , driving ,
Ex. 2. True : 2. 4.
Ex. 3. 1. What' s it like living in England , Terry ?
2. A woman said she would ring me the next day . 3. What' s strange about that ?
4. Well , we say " I'll call you tomorrow . " 5. Now that sounds funny to me !
6. So I have to remember not to touch people when I' m in England.
Step III .Checkpoint
T: Please turn to Page 12. Look at checkpoint 3. Make sentences with the useful expressions , Wang Ping .you try , please , Say as many as possible .
Step IV. Word Study
T: Now look at Lesson 12. Part 2. Word study . Please fill in the blanks with a suitable word according to the words given.Pay special attention to the words "pronunciation" and "pronounce”
Answers :
Noun Verb Adjective
difference & different
speech speak spoken
difficulty & difficult
pronunciation pronounce &
mixture mix &
Europe & European
Step V .Writing
T: Now let' s look at Lesson 12, Pant 3. Writing . First , look at the checkpoint 3. Grammar
(Ask one student to read.If the verb " say / tell " is in the Past Tense.you usually change the verb tenses into Indirect Speech.) While doing this texercise,you should pay attention to the verb tenses.First write them in your exercise books, then check them in pair .
(After the students have done ,Show the answers on the screen .Let one student to read it aloud . The others check their answers.)
Answers :
1.She said that in china about seven people in ten spoke / speak ( as it is always true ) Putonghua.
2. She said her elder brother had taught her some of the Chinese Characters .
3. She said there were / are over 50.000 different characters in Chinese.
4. She said she had learnt about 5.000 characters at school.
5. She said she had practised writing them for homework .( " practise " must be followed by a gerund.)
6. She said she hadn't found it easy at first .
Step VI . Workbook.
T: Let' s do exercises . Please turn to Page 70. Ex.1. Li Ming , Read the first three groups of words , tell their parts of speech , and then put them into Chinese. ---
Suggested answers :
mix v. 混合 invent v. 發(fā)明
mixture n. 混合物 invention n. 發(fā)明
operate v. 實施 instruct v, 教育
operation n. 實施 instruction n. 教育
cross v. 越過 build v. 建筑
crossing n. 交叉點 building n. 樓房
luck n. 運氣 danger n. 危險
lucky adj. 幸運的 dangerous adj. 危險的
interest n. 興趣 difference n . 不同
interesting adj . 有趣的 different adj . 不同的
cloud n. 云 difficulty n. 困難
cloudy adj. 多云的 difficult adj . 困難的
T: Now Let' s do Ex . 2. Write the answers in your exercise book , then check them in pairs , at last check them with the sentences on the screen .
Suggested answers to Ex.2.
1. Sara said to Yang Mei she was doing a biology experiment then.
2. Sara said to Yang Mei she wasn't free that day .
3. Sara said to Yang Mei she had to finish that experiment that week.
4. Sara said to Yang Mei she would have to stay in the lab until the next day .
5. Sara said to Yang Mei she was going to write a report the next week.
6. Sara said to Yang Mei she had watched a very interesting TV. programme the day before .
7. Sara said to Yang Mei she had to wait there that afternoon
8. Sara asked Yang Mei whether she would go to the lecture that afternoon.
T: Now let' s do Ex .3. Please tell us which answers are correct and which are wrong ? Ying Ying , how to correct the wrong ones ? Please tell us the correct sentences .
Suggested answers :
True : 1, B 2, A 3, B 4, B
1. A should be : I don' t know what the word means .
2. B should be : What is this word " address " pronounced
3. A should be : He said that he had never been to the States .
4. A should be : She may have some difficulty in pronouncing English words .
T: Now let' s do Ex . 4. Put the following into English , using the phrases given . First write them in your exercise - books , then check them in pairs . At last I' ll give you correct answers
( Show the answers on the screen.)
Suggested answers to Ex . 4.
1.There are more or less some spelling differences between British English and American English .
2. Do you still ask your parents for money ?
3. How do you change water into ice ?
4. In my home town we grow wheat , rice , cotton , corn and so on.
5. You look the same as your father.
6. A great many birds come to Kunming for winter every year .
Step VII . Sum up :
T: In the last period , we've learned some rules of verbs when we change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech . Now let' s discuss how the adverbials of time and place as well as pronouns and the verb " come " should generally be changed if we change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech: . When we change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech.
" this -------- that these --------- those
now -------- then today --------- that day
this week ( month , etc , ) ---------- that week ( month---)
yesterday --------- the day before
last week ( month , etc ) ---------- the week ( month, etc ) before
three days ago -------- three days before
tomorrow ------------- the next ( following ) day
next week -------- the next ( following ) week
here --------- there come -------- go
( Write them on the Bb.)
Step VIII . Homework
Revise the Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
Step IX .The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Lesson 12
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
this that
these those
now then
today that day
yesterday the day before
three days , --- ago three days --- before
tomorrow, the next ( following ) day
next week the next ( following week
here there
come go
Attachment :
Unit 3 Revision ( Page 71)
Suggested answers to the exercises :
Ex 1 : 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. E 5.C
Ex 2 :
1. She said that she had some difficulty with English pronunciation
2. Mr , Huang said ( that ) he would come to China the next week .
3. She said ( that ) had been to the States three times .
4. The teacher told s that there were lots of differences between British and American English
5. She said ( that) she had once talked with some foreigners in English .
Ex 3 :
Dear Wang Ning ,
In your letter , you asked me to explain the differences between British English and American English . The differences between the two are mainly found in spelling and in pronunciation . For example , the English say ask[ a:sk] , dance[ da:ns], while the Americans say , In England they pronounce not ,box in America they say [nat] , [baks] .The words colour , metre and traveled in British English are spelt color , meter and traveled in American English . Sometimes different words are used for the same thing ,For example , in England they use autumn , ground , floor and toilet , in American they use fall . first floor and rest room and so on .
Best wishes.
探究活動
The Ss have learn the difference in Britain and America English. For example, spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar so on. Further, what is more or less the same and difference in Britain English , America English and Chinese in customs. The teacher give the Ss some time to find out about material and study.
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