英語(yǔ)的寫(xiě)作技巧
一、不一致(Disagreements)
所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數(shù)的不一致 時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一 致等.
例1. When one have money ,he can do what he want to .
(人一旦有了錢(qián),他就能想干什么就干什么.)
剖析:one是單數(shù)第三人稱,因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has ;同理,want應(yīng)改為wants.本句是典型的主謂不一致.
改為: Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)
二、修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位(Misplaced Modifiers)
英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同,同一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)置于句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化.對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)中國(guó)學(xué)生往往沒(méi)有引起足夠的重視,因而造成了不必要的誤解.例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
剖析:better位置不當(dāng),應(yīng)置于句末.
三、句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
在口語(yǔ)中,交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語(yǔ)氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是書(shū)面語(yǔ)就不同了,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清,這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫(xiě)完以后,筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)發(fā)生.
例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .
剖析:本句后半部分"for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一個(gè)完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語(yǔ),不能獨(dú)立成句.
改為:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.
四、懸垂修飾語(yǔ)(Dangling Modifiers)
所謂懸垂修飾語(yǔ)是指句首的短語(yǔ)與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清.例如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中"at the age of ten"只點(diǎn)出十歲時(shí),但沒(méi)有說(shuō)明” 誰(shuí)”十歲時(shí).按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語(yǔ)改明確一點(diǎn),全句就不那么費(fèi)解了.
改為:
When I was ten, my grandfather died.
例1. To do well in college, good grades are essential.
剖析:句中不定式短語(yǔ) “to do well in college” 的邏輯主語(yǔ)不清楚.
改為:
To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
五、 詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為:介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用;形容詞當(dāng)副詞用;名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等.
例1. None can negative the importance of money.
剖析:negative 系形容詞,誤作動(dòng)詞。
改為:
None can deny the importance of money.
六指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句:
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟铩?
讀完上面這一句話,讀者無(wú)法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰(shuí)將結(jié)婚,誰(shuí)將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對(duì)象加以明確,意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為:
Mary was friendly to my sisterbecause she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
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