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高考英語書面表達(dá)技巧
高考英語書面表達(dá)技巧通常,英語學(xué)習(xí),聽、說、讀、寫、譯五項基本技能缺一不可!镀胀ǜ咧杏⒄Z課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,對九級語言技能目標(biāo)英語寫作有6點明確的要求。同時列出了寫作技能與試題設(shè)計的要求和寫作評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其測試方式有五種。學(xué)生作文主要從內(nèi)容要點、語言使用效果、結(jié)構(gòu)和連貫性、格式和語域及與目標(biāo)讀者的交流五個方面進(jìn)行評價。英語書面表達(dá)是英語語言基礎(chǔ)知識和語法基礎(chǔ)知識的綜合運(yùn)用,還要具有較強(qiáng)的語言表達(dá)能力和邏輯思維能力,要求內(nèi)容清楚、意思連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、邏輯性強(qiáng)、主題突出、用詞準(zhǔn)確、文體恰當(dāng)。一般,要文理通暢,非單純地翻譯。要答卷滿意,平時確實需要長期的信心的培養(yǎng),耐心的啟發(fā),由易到難,從簡單到復(fù)雜,循序漸進(jìn)地堅持內(nèi)容、語言、語法、表達(dá)、結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯和卷面等進(jìn)行規(guī)范地訓(xùn)練,而且訓(xùn)練有素,F(xiàn)在,不少學(xué)生對英語書面表達(dá)不予或不夠重視。這并非完全意義上的寫作,只要求用書面語言基本表達(dá)出要表達(dá)的東西。一般原則是:不多寫、不少寫和不錯寫。現(xiàn)結(jié)合存在的問題和多年的教學(xué)積累,談?wù)劯呖加⒄Z書面表達(dá)應(yīng)注重的五方面。
1 用順
審準(zhǔn)題義,明確情景,看清要求。不少考生寫作時,還有不看要求或不看完看全要求就解題的習(xí)慣,特別是不注意生詞或短語提示,或干脆完全根據(jù)所給材料先后順序逐一翻譯。前后不連貫,層次不清晰,邏輯性不強(qiáng)。因此應(yīng)認(rèn)真思考材料,找到所要表達(dá)的主旨文意及線索,在線索引導(dǎo)下通暢地表達(dá)內(nèi)容,增加可讀性。為此,應(yīng)注意使用and, so, then, at the same time, on the one hand, on the other hand, first, second,at last, what''s more, I''m afraid, I think等表示過度及連接的詞匯,使之有較強(qiáng)的感情色彩。
2 用對
對每一個句子都盡可能避免語法錯誤。通常錯處出在:
2.1動詞錯誤
(1)多用。
1)There were five hundred students couldn’t go to school because of the earthquake.(劃線部分改為Five hundred)
2)A hero comes from Beichuan will give us a talk tomorrow afternoon. (劃線部分改為coming或去掉comes)
。2)缺失。
1)He wouldn’t ∧ able to work out the math problem. (遺漏處加be)
2)It isn’t said that they ∧ often careless in class. (遺漏處加are)
。3)時態(tài)錯誤。
1)Hurry up! Here is coming the bus. (劃線部分改為comes)
2)Class start at 8:00 am. (劃線部分改為starts)
書面表達(dá)可能出現(xiàn)多種時態(tài),但特定時間背景下時態(tài)相同。如人事物現(xiàn)狀的介紹,應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時為主;過去的介紹,應(yīng)以一般過去時為主;日記應(yīng)以一般過去時為主;通知應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時為主。千萬不要隨心所欲,不假思索地使用,造成大面積失分。
(4)語態(tài)錯誤。由于漢語被動色彩不濃,因此英語表達(dá)易受影響,該用而不用,不該用而用be動詞。如:
1)He remembered his wallet had ∧ lost in the bus. (遺漏處加been)
2)The matter was happened two years ago. (劃線處去掉was)
還有喜歡在動詞前面加be動詞。如:
3)I am think that I’ll learn how to use a computer. (劃線處去掉am)
4)They are decide that they will study harder. (劃線處去掉are)
2.2名詞單復(fù)數(shù)混用
1)He wrote an 800-words article yesterday. (劃線處改為800-word)
2)It is a ten-minutes walk from here to there. (劃線處改為ten-minute或ten minutes'')
2.3冠詞錯誤
冠詞屬小詞,重視不夠,影響表達(dá)。
1)How do you spell the computer?(劃線處去掉the)
2)We should treasure the time because the time is money. (劃線處去掉the)
3 用準(zhǔn)
用準(zhǔn)確地道的語言,不能生澀難懂,不合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。常見現(xiàn)象如下:
3.1單詞堆砌
寫句子,用語不準(zhǔn),而根據(jù)漢語句序進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的英語單詞堆砌而成。如:
1) Study hard, are because they know is the Hope Project give their chance to go to school. (錯)→They study hard because they know it is the Hope Project that gives them a chance to go to school. (正)
2)Welcome you come back to our school to visit. (錯)
→You’re welcome back to visit our school. (正)
另外,不重視掌握單詞,寫作時碰到生詞難句就委婉地去解釋,用模糊定義,語言生澀難懂,文意混亂,表達(dá)不清。如:
Mr. Zhao is good at teaching English; he has many good ways to use to teach us. (錯)
→Mr. Zhao is good at teaching, and he has many methods of teaching us English. (正)
3.2使用Chinglish
英語作文,受漢語影響,雖語法正確,卻不符英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。如:
1) Our friends are all over the world. (錯)→We have friends all over the world. (正)
2) My height is 180 centimeters and my body is healthy. (錯)
→I am 180 centimeters tall and I’m healthy. (正)
語言轉(zhuǎn)換功在平時。簡明扼要,表達(dá)清楚,是關(guān)鍵所在。冰凍三尺,非一日之寒。
4 用全
初學(xué)寫作要簡單完整清楚地表達(dá),就要把握兩個關(guān)系:
4.1完整不一定就句式復(fù)雜
一味追求新、奇、特、難,容易出錯。如:
1) Li Lang, a brave boy who is only 6 years old and that is a middle school student and that comes from the northwest of the Sichuan Province. (錯)→Li Lang, a brave boy who is only 6 years old , and he is a middle school student from the northwest part of the Sichuan Province.(正)
2)It is not only we students but also our parents and our teachers are kind to the children. (錯)→Not only we students but also our parents and our teachers are kind to the children. (正)
4.2簡單也不一定就用省略句
在不可省的地方省略,結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整,句意就不明確。如:
1)He studies very hard and kind. (錯)→He studies very hard and he is very kind. (正)
2)He doesn''t know what and how to do. (錯)→He doesn''t know what to do and how to do it. (正)
另外,考試是根據(jù)內(nèi)容和表達(dá)給分的,要點齊全,是直接因素。必須注意要點來源:
標(biāo)題。有些需要標(biāo)題,卻粗心漏掉不寫,造成失分。書寫標(biāo)題應(yīng)力求簡潔明了,有較強(qiáng)概括力和針對性,并注意單詞字母大小寫。
格式。不少應(yīng)用文需要正確的格式,如通知的開頭,常常要交待通知的對象;日記開頭,常常交待時間和天氣;信件的左上角必須注明寫信人的地址和時間,下一行要頂格寫上稱呼,正文結(jié)束后,要有結(jié)束語,并簽名。
正文。這是全文要點集中之處,應(yīng)認(rèn)真思考材料含義,理清大意,將所有要點逐一落實,并檢查有無遺漏。
常識性。原材料不一定反應(yīng),但仍然重要,既屬內(nèi)容,又承上啟下,增強(qiáng)文章可讀性。如寫通知結(jié)尾可用“Don’t forget the time and address.”,“I’m sure you’ll have a pleasant time/a lot of fun.”或“That’s all, thank you.”;寫參觀歡迎詞開頭可用“You’re welcome to visit our city.”,“Now, let me tell you something about our school.”或“Let me introduce something about our school to you.”,結(jié)尾可用“Now, I’d like to introduce something about our school/LI Ping to you.”,介紹結(jié)束也可用“That’s all, thank you.”;寫信結(jié)尾可用“Please give my best regards/love /wishes to your parents.”或“Remember me to your parents!”,“I hope to hear from you soon.”或“Waiting for your early reply.”
必須注意原則:不多不少。該有的不少,不該有的不寫。
5 整潔
文章寫好后,應(yīng)認(rèn)真修改,不忙于提前交卷,避免大小寫及標(biāo)點符號錯誤,謄寫應(yīng)盡可能書寫工整,布局美觀。卷面整潔清爽就會增加得高分機(jī)會。
總之,了解、掌握、運(yùn)用好以上五個方面,就容易得高分。
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